滚揉腌制方式对鸭肉腌制品质的影响

腌制是酱鸭生产中的关键工艺,文中以整鸭为原料,研究了常压滚揉腌制(APB)、真空滚揉腌制(VB)和间歇式真空滚揉腌制(PVB)对鸭肉盐分、水分、质量、游离氨基酸、肌红蛋白、色泽,剪切力和肌肉变性温度的影响。腌制过程中VB和PVB样品的水分含量、盐分含量、重量、游离氨基酸含量、剪切力和色度a*值和b*值显著高于APB样品(P<0.05),高铁肌红蛋白含量显著低于APB样品。VB和PVB处理样品除重量具有显著差异外,其他指标差异不显著。     

低盐咸蛋的腌制工艺及其品质研究

提出一种两段腌制法制备低盐咸蛋的方法,分别对两段法腌制过程中咸蛋蛋白和蛋黄的水分含量、盐分含量进行实时检测,考察腌制结束时蛋黄的出油率,并且对咸蛋品质进行综合感官评定。结果表明,先使用19%盐水再换用3.5%盐水的两段法腌制工艺,咸蛋产品中蛋白盐分含量为3.64%,比传统法腌制产品蛋白盐分含量降低51.21%,口感适宜;蛋黄含盐量为0.94%,略低于传统法腌制的1.23%;蛋黄脂质渗出率为67.73%,与传统法腌制的69.22%基本相当。该腌制工艺不仅可解决传统咸蛋蛋白盐分过高、口感过咸的问题,同时也可保证蛋黄松沙出油,从而获得高品质的低盐咸蛋。     

Analysis of physicochemical properties during the processing of Yiluxian,a traditional chinese low‐salt fish product

Yiluxian, a traditional Chinese low‐salt fish product, has been produced manually for decades. However, its quality depends on worker experience and varies owing to the lack of specific scientific guidelines for uniform production. This study investigated the changes in physicochemical properties under different salt concentrations and explored the principles underlying the low‐salt pickling process. The NaCl content of gutted fish increased to 3.82% in brining, and it decreased significantly to 1.15% after desalting. The colour of Yiluxian was not significantly different from that of raw fish (P > 0.05). The hardness, springiness, resistance and chewiness decreased by 12%, 9%, 27% and 19%, respectively, while cohesiveness did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Furthermore, Yiluxian is preferred over commonly salted fish for superior sensory profile. Our findings demonstrated the changes in various characteristics during pickling were expected to facilitate the stabilisation and uniformity of the quality and industrial production of this traditional food product.     

The quality of cold-smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as affected by salting method, time and temperature

The effects of temperature (4 and 10–12 °C) and time (6, 12 and 24 h) on colorimetric parameters (Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b*), carotenoid concentration, salt content and yield were investigated in brine (saturated or 50% saturation) and dry salted fillets of cold‐smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), hue (H_ab) and chroma (C*) values were lower at 10 than 4 °C (P < 0.01), whereas redness (a*) was unaffected. L* increased (P < 0.05) and a*, b*, H_ab and C* values dropped when salting time was increased (P < 0.001). Astaxanthin concentration of brine‐salted fillets decreased with increasing salting time (P < 0.05), but was unaffected by salting temperature. Increasing salting time affected colour negatively. The salt content of dry salted fillets increased with temperature and salting time. The process yield was unaffected by temperature and decreased with salting time. In conclusion, the cold smoking process is more important for variation in quality parameters than the salting process.     

Effect of Brine Concentration and Brining Time on Quality of Smoked Rainbow Trout Fillets

ABSTRACT: Frozen rainbow trout fillets were brined in 8.7 or 17.4% sodium chloride solutions for various periods. Brine uptake, brined and cooked pH, cook yield, shear force, total and water-phase salt content, and brined and cooked proximate composition were determined. Fish mince was used for texture (hardness and cohesiveness) and protein solubility (total soluble and myofibrillar proteins) evaluations. Increasing the brine concentration increased fillet weight loss after brining, cook yield, water-phase salt content, shear force, brined fat, brined and cooked ash, brined pH, and brined and cooked moisture.     

The effect of different salting procedures and qualities of raw material on some nutrients during processing and storage of salted-dried mackerel

Salted-dried mackerel ( Scomber scombrus ) was prepared using fresh fish or fish which had been stored in ice for 75h and four methods of salting, namely 15% brine, saturated brine, pickle and dry salting. Samples were analysed for available lysine, thiamine and riboflavin before salting, after salting, after drying and after 1 month's storage at 20°C. Final losses of each of these nutrients were lowest when the fish were pickle cured. Losses were also lower when fresher raw material was used. the use of good quality fish and a pickle salting method is therefore recommended for this type of product.     

Enhancement of Food Processes by Ultrasound: A Review

In food processing, the applications of ultrasound can be divided into two categories, namely replacing traditional technologies and assisting traditional technologies. In the latter case, the processing efficiency is enhanced and the disadvantageous of traditional technologies during processing are improved. These ultrasonic effects can be defined as ultrasonic enhancement of food processes. This review is focused on the use of ultrasound to enhance various food processes, including extraction, freezing, thawing, brining, oxidation, filtration, and drying/dehydration. The major functions of ultrasound in enhancing these processes and the factors which can affect the ultrasonic enhancement are elucidated. In the meantime, the strategies of modeling these processes enhanced by ultrasound are provided. Future studies should pay more attention to elucidate the ultrasonic effects during freezing, thawing, brining, oxidation, and filtration processes. Furthermore, when it comes to design the ultrasound equipment at the industrial level, it is better to quantify the ultrasonic effects through numerical stimulation.     

不同腌制方式对鸭肉腌制速率及肉质的影响

为探讨真空度和压力值对鸭肉腌制速率和肉质的影响,以常压腌制为对照,分别探讨了脉动真空、脉动加压、真空加压三种腌制方式对鸭肉腌制速率、pH值、蒸煮损失、剪切力和腌制液中蛋白含量的影响。结果表明:在腌制6 h后常压、脉动真空、脉动加压、真空加压的盐分含量分别为2.61%、3.01%、2.91%、3.21%。四种腌制方式下鸭肉pH值有所降低,但差异性不显著(p0.05)。脉动真空、真空加压腌制比常压腌制的蒸煮损失低,而脉动加压的蒸煮损失却高于常压腌制。在腌制4 h后,常压、脉动真空、脉动加压、真空加压腌制后的鸭肉的剪切力是分别是1076 g、938 g、1093 g、908 g,其中脉动真空、真空加压腌制与常压腌制的剪切力差异显著(p0.05),脉动加压腌制与常压腌制的剪切力不显著(p0.05)。三种腌制方式的腌制液中的蛋白含量均高于常压腌制(p0.05)。综合比较真空加压腌制在腌制速度和对肉质改善方面优于脉动真空和脉动加压腌制。