复合添加剂对鲟鱼籽酱(Huso dauricused × sturger schrenckii)挥发性成分的影响

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用分析技术,分别检测未经添加剂处理的鲟鱼籽酱、添加0.5‰山梨酸钾和0.2‰抗坏血酸的鲟鱼籽酱(A1组),添加0.5‰山梨酸钾、0.2‰抗坏血酸和0.2‰乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)的鲟鱼籽酱(A2组),添加0.5‰山梨酸钾、0.2‰抗坏血酸和0.2‰L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯的鲟鱼籽酱(A3组),在0℃冷藏时挥发性物质的变化,经NIST 05a.L和NIST 05.l谱库数据库检索,确定其挥发性成分。结果表明:初始鲟鱼籽酱检测出46种挥发性成分,醛类物质作为主要气味贡献组分,其中壬醛、己醛、辛醛和庚醛含量较高,另外,一定含量的D-柠檬烯、长叶烯和石竹烯可能赋予新鲜鲟鱼籽酱独特的柠檬香、木香等清新气味。3组复合添加剂的使用,都有利于防止在贮藏过程中鱼籽酱挥发性物质的流失,减少了酮类和醇类物质的变化。其中,A2组中,山梨酸钾、抗坏血酸和Nisin的添加促进了贮藏3个月后鱼籽酱中醛类物质的还原反应,导致醛类物质的大量减少,酯类物质的大量增加。最后,在贮藏期间醛类物质的变化,显示A1组和A3组复合防腐剂的处理促使鲟鱼籽酱具有更浓的腥味、青草味。     

Quality Attributes and Microbial Storage Stability of Caviar from Cultivated White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)

ABSTRACT:  Caviar was prepared from white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus ) roe by adjusting the water phase salt (WPS) to 4.0% to 6.3% by adding food grade NaCl. Fish were obtained from 2 different farms from the Inland Northwest ( N  = 5). Salt was absorbed at a different rate and to a different extent by roe from different fish. The lipid content in the fish roe varied from 10.2% to 14.4% (w/w), with palmitic acid and oleic acid being the most abundant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids present, respectively. The caviar contained high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (35% to 37%) with docosahexanoic acid being the most abundant ω-3 long chain fatty acid. There were no significant differences in microbial storage stability for caviars from different fish stored at 3 °C. However, for caviar stored at 7 °C, there was less growth of  Listeria monocytogenes  (using a cocktail of ATCC 19114, 7644, 19113 strains) in 2 samples (2B46 and 0F05) until day 20. In 2 other samples (453F and 2519), which had lower initial microbial loads, less overall microbial growth was observed, indicating that culture and harvest practices result in compositional differences between fish, which may impact both product composition and storage stability.     

A short‐cut DNA extraction from cod caviar

Caviars represent the most consumed form of fish roe products. Due to high demand, ingredient roes of fish are often susceptible to illegal substitution with those of related fish. This study developed a simple and inexpensive protocol enabling the rapid extraction of DNA of acceptable quality and amount to PCR amplification from both cod caviars and their ingredient pollack roes. The protocol was based on extracting total genomic DNA from eggs using urea and a Chelex 100 chelating resin, and could be completed in less than 15 min. Approximately 8 µg of DNA were reproducibly obtained from single eggs of cod caviars and pollack roes in eight individual experiments, and the quality and amount of DNA were sufficient to serve as template for hundreds of PCR reactions of polymorphic DNA markers for phylogenetic analysis. Being applicable to various caviars, this protocol can be useful to detect illegal substitution among ingredient roes of related fishes in PCR‐based food inspection. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

鲟鱼籽酱(Huso dauricus × Acipenser schrenckii)冷藏期间脂肪酸组成的变化

实验通过气相色谱与质谱联用仪(GC-MS),研究了养殖鲟鱼籽酱在冷藏条件(0℃)下脂肪酸组成的变化。结果表明,鲟鱼籽酱脂肪总体组成为:23.03%饱和脂肪酸(SFA),33.68%单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和33.03%多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),其富含n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸,比如EPA(二十碳五烯酸,C20∶5(n-3))和DHA(二十二碳六烯酸,C22∶6(n-3)),营养价值非常高。随着冷藏时间的延长,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量显著升高,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA=MUFA+PUFA)含量显著降低,特别是多不饱和脂肪酸降低明显(p0.05),由此表明,仅低温冷藏不能保持鱼籽酱的脂肪酸营养品质。此外,在鲟鱼籽酱贮藏3月后,MUFA和PUFA出现显著性减少,且到贮藏5月时,分别从3月时的36.79、32.43降到34.83、31.86。由此可初步认定为3~5个月为鲟鱼籽酱冷藏时质量控制的关键时间段。     

鱼子酱相关专利分析

目的 分析近年来国内外鱼子酱相关专利的申请情况, 反映目前鱼子酱产业的发展情况, 为鱼子酱生产技术及研发提供参考。方法 借助Incopat数据库, 利用鱼子酱及含义相似的关键词进行公式检索, 对鱼子酱历年相关专利申请趋势、申请人、技术分布和法律状态等其他检索结果进行解析。结果 我国鱼子酱相关专利与国外相比, 虽然存在专利申请数偏低的问题, 但正处于蓬勃发展的时期。我国现有的鱼子酱相关专利申请的技术含量低、专利转化率低, 专利申请多由企业提出, 高校等科研单位对鱼子酱关注度不高, 有较大的创新和发展空间。结论 针对鱼子酱相关专利申请存在的问题, 应加强鱼子酱相关生产技术创新, 聚焦生物活性成分的开发利用, 提高科技成果转化率, 加快鱼子酱相关企业的专利布局。     

液相31P-NMR快速检测鱼子酱中磷脂

建立液相31P-核磁共振光谱法快速检测鱼子酱食品中磷脂的分析方法。样品匀浆后氯仿和甲醇混合溶剂提取其中的全脂,无需分离直接溶于氘代试剂后进行核磁分析。该方法回收率为96%～102%,相对标准偏差不超过5%。采用本方法对4 种品牌鱼子酱食品检测均发现6 种磷脂组分存在,且圆鳍鱼籽中磷脂酰胆碱和溶血磷脂酰胆碱总量均占总磷脂量的80%以上,而鲟鱼籽中磷脂酰肌醇含量远高于圆鳍鱼籽。其他3 种磷脂磷脂酰乙醇胺、鞘磷脂和甘油磷脂酸在2 种取材的鱼子酱中含量相差不多。     

国际食品法典委员会水产及水产加工品专业 委员会第34届会议概况

本文概述了国际食品法典委员会水产及水产加工品专业委员会(CAC-CCFFP)第34届会议的基本情况、主要议题和标准制定情况,总结了鱼露加工操作规范、生鲜及速冻扇贝柱加工操作规范、鲟鱼子酱加工操作规范、水产及水产加工品标准中食品添加剂规定以及组胺限量规定和抽样计划等国际标准及相关研究的最新进展,提出了中国密切跟踪国际食品法典委员会(CAC)标准进展,重点关注虾或对虾罐头中食品添加剂磷酸的最大使用限量、鲟鱼子酱加工操作规范、水产品中组胺的限量、抽样方案和操作规范,进一步完善中国水产品加工标准化工作等措施建议。     

Influence of flavonoids from Phellinus igniarius on sturgeon caviar: Antioxidant effects and sensory characteristics

The antioxidant differences between two flavonoid extracts from fruiting body and fermentation broth of Phellinus igniarius were determined, and the effects of flavonoid addition on the sensory characteristics of sturgeon caviar were investigated. Both extracts exhibited moderate antioxidant activity with EC₅₀ values of 4.98 and 2.39 mg/mL, the extract of fermentation broth exhibiting higher antioxidant efficiency. Flavonoids were added at 0.01% and 0.02% to sturgeon caviars, which were then stored at 4 or 20 °C for 12 days. Peroxide values (meq/kg) were determined after regular intervals. The 0.02% level of flavonoids from fermentation broth of P. igniarius had stronger antioxidant effect than vitamin C, very close to that of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Flavonoid addition improved the sensory profile of caviar, and the flavonoid extract from the fermentation broth had a more desirable effect on flavour and aroma than that from fruiting bodies.     

HACCP在鱼子酱加工过程中的应用

HACCP体系是一种控制食品安全危害的预防性体系,用来使食品安全危害消除或降低到最小或可接受水平,在水产品加工中应用广泛。着重阐述在鱼子酱加工过程中运用HACCP原理建立食品安全卫生控制体系,从而保障产品安全卫生。