Similarity retrieval of iconic image database

The perception of spatial relationships among objects in a picture is one of the important selection criteria to discriminate and retrieve the images in an iconic image database system. The data structure called 2D string, proposed by Chang et al., is adopted to represent symbolic pictures. The 2D string preserves the objects' spatial knowledge embedded in images. Since spatial relationship is a fuzzy concept, the capability of similarity retrieval for the retrieval by subpicture is essential. In this paper, similarity measure based on 2D string longest common subsequence is defined. The algorithm for similarity retrieval is also proposed. Similarity retrieval provides the iconic image database with the distinguishing function different from a conventional database.     

一类多输入级联非线性切换系统的全局镇定

研究一类带有部分线性系统的多输入级联非线性切换系统的全局镇定问题. 首先, 给出保证线性部分有一致规范型的充分条件. 其次, 利用一致规范型及其零动态的共同二次Lyapunov函数设计状态反馈使得线性部分在任意切换律下镇定. 最后, 通过构造共同Lyapunov函数能实现闭环系统在任意切换律下的全局渐近稳定性.     

A new adaptive backstepping Coulomb friction compensator for servo control systems

A new Coulomb friction compensator is proposed for servo control systems in this paper. The novelty of the new approach lies in its capability of assigning the eigenvalues of the resulting closed loop system while attacking the problem. First, based on the standard backstepping methodology, an implicit Lyapunov function, with part of the components being only symbolically constructed at the very beginning, is utilized. To increase the robustness of the system against disturbance and model inaccuracy, an integral term is employed in the design. Using part of the variable gradient method, we are able to turn the implicit Lyapunov function into an explicit one, which is positive definite, and whose time‐derivative is negative definite. Second, it will be shown that the resulting closed loop error system is a switched linear system with two possible active modes that share the same set of eigenvalues, which is at our disposal. Unlike the common adaptive control design methods, such as the Control Lyapunov Function approach, in which the gains are typically positive but otherwise arbitrary, and are hence difficult to choose and have a lack of connection with the system's performance, our new scheme imposes two further constraints on the gains. It turns out that we can then match these gains with the coefficients of the desired characteristic equation of the closed loop system. In this respect, the gains are linked to the system's overall performance, which is a new and very appealing feature for such a scheme. Finally, a procedure of constructing a common Lyapunov function is provided to prove exponential stability of the aforementioned switched linear system. In addition, using the invariance principle, we will show the convergence of the estimated Coulomb friction coefficient to its real value. Numerical simulations are given to validate the effectiveness of the design and its robustness against friction time‐variations. Compared to existing results, the proposed scheme is much simpler, hence, much more advantageous computationally. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

钢筋混凝土旧桥常见病害产生原因及防治

根据对十余座桥梁检测情况以及相关献，论述了既有钢筋混凝土桥梁常见病害情况，分析了病害的发生原因。并提出了初步防治建议，它涉及确定既有钢筋混凝土桥梁的技术状况，采用相应的加固、改善措施，确保既有桥梁的安全性等方面。     

Common subgraph isomorphism detection by backtracking search

Graph theory offers a convenient and highly attractive approach to various tasks of pattern recognition. Provided there is a graph representation of the object in question (e.g. a chemical structure or protein fold), the recognition procedure is reduced to the problem of common subgraph isomorphism (CSI). Complexity of this problem shows combinatorial dependence on the size of input graphs, which in many practical cases makes the approach computationally intractable. Among the optimal algorithms for CSI, the leading place in practice belongs to algorithms based on maximal clique detection in the association graph. Backtracking algorithms for CSI, first developed two decades ago, are rarely used. We propose an improved backtracking algorithm for CSI, which differs from its predecessors by better search strategy and is therefore more efficient. We found that the new algorithm outperforms the traditional maximal clique approach by orders of magnitude in computational time. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

墙体改革·生态环境·居住质量

结合可持续发展思想,简述了墙体改革的必要性、重要性和紧迫性     

细雨湿衣看不见 闲花落地听无声——试说汪曾祺小说意境的平淡美

汪曾祺小说意境的平淡美主要体现在三个方面 :一由于是写回忆 ,所以表现的内容超而不脱 .二长于以平淡的情态表现强烈的情感 ,言有尽而意无穷 .三外在形式极其自由 ,返朴归真     

An analysis on decentralized adaptive MAC protocols for cognitive radio networks

The scarcity of bandwidth in the radio spectrum has become more vital since the demand for more and more wireless applications has increased. Most of the spectrum bands have been allocated although many studies have shown that these bands are significantly underutilized most of the time. The problem of unavailability of spectrum and inefficiency in its utilization has been smartly addressed by the cognitive radio (CR) technology which is an opportunistic network that senses the environment, observes the network changes, and then uses knowledge gained from the prior interaction with the network to make intelligent decisions by dynamically adapting their transmission characteristics. In this paper, some of the decentralized adaptive medium access control (MAC) protocols for CR networks have been critically analyzed, and a novel adaptive MAC protocol for CR networks, decentralized non-global MAC (DNG-MAC), has been proposed. The results show the DNG-MAC outperforms other CR-MAC protocols in terms of time and energy efficiency.     

一种通用的继电保护数据库模型

首先分析了公共信息模型在描述保护信息方面的不足,然后以仿真培训系统为实际应用背景,提出了一种通用的继电保护数据库模型,它能够从保护装置的内部结构和外部特征2个方面完整地表达实际的保护装置。该数据库模型允许用户在保护装置级进行保护配置,支持用户通过自定义新型号的保护装置扩展装置模型,支持装置模型升级后保护配置的自动更新,从而大大提高了保护数据库的维护效率。使用该数据库模型实现的各种仿真培训系统现场运行良好、运行维护方便,证明了该模型的有效性。     

交换机系统割接方案

在全国电力系统的语音调度专网通信系统中,由于系统发展的需要,经常涉及到电话交换机的移机及割接。由于调度通信系统的重要性及特殊性,在交换机移机及割接过程中要保持通信的畅通,不能中断。在一些核心的大局的割接过程中,在业务复杂繁多的情况下,如何保证通信不中断,做到平滑、无缝的割接,是许多大局都面临的问题。详细介绍一种调度交换机割接并移机的方案,可以提供一些这方面的参考。