传统风味卤腌熟肉制品软包装保存研究

本试验以五香卤肉和川味香肠为代表，对传统风味的卤腌熟肉制品进行了软包装保存的研究。内容包括复合袋优选、杀菌条件确定及工艺学试验，对热杀菌后引起的产品质地酥软及成品存放中脂肪的析出问题作了探讨，并分析了成品的主要指标，进行了商业无菌检验。     

蚕茧过热蒸汽干燥与茧质关系浅析

通过常压过热蒸汽干燥与蚕茧品质关系的探讨，利用灰色控制系统理论，确定了常压过热蒸汽的干燥工艺路线和干燥工艺条件。以期为研制新型蚕茧干燥机提供理论依据。     

关于蚕茧理论烘率的探讨

本文对有关文献记载的蚕茧理论烘率公式进行了归纳和分析。并从干燥过程以及出灶后茧层和蛹体回潮率的变化趋势,探讨了理论烘率(干燥率)的计算公式。指出理论烘率可分为出灶烘率和平衡烘率;适干茧出灶时茧层的回潮率决定于干燥室内的温湿度;出灶理论烘率公式以采用 w=1.04h+1.15p(1-x)为宜。     

Effect of rice ageing and freeze‐thaw cycle on textural properties of cooked rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Khao Dawk Mali 105

This study investigated the effect of rice grain ageing (0.7–12 months) and freeze‐thaw 1–5 cycles on the textural properties of cooked rice. The cooked rice from aged rice grains was freezing and thawing up to five cycles. Ageing of the rice grain increased the hardness and decreased the stickiness of the cooked rice. Repeated freeze‐thaw cycles caused an increase in hardness and a decrease in stickiness of aged cooked rice. Scanning electron micrographs showed a rough surface on the cooked rice after repeated freeze‐thaw cycles, especially for cooked rice from rice aged for 12 months. Differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction showed increased starch retrogradation with increased freeze‐thaw cycles. The gelatinisation temperature and gelatinisation enthalpy increased when rice was aged for longer periods. Thus, ageing of rice and the number of freeze‐thaw cycles influence the textural properties of cooked rice.     

Contribution of water and cooked rice to an estimation of the dietary intake of inorganic arsenic in a rural village of West Bengal,India

Arsenic contamination of rice plants by arsenic-polluted irrigation groundwater could result in high arsenic concentrations in cooked rice. The main objective of the study was to estimate the total and inorganic arsenic intakes in a rural population of West Bengal, India, through both drinking water and cooked rice. Simulated cooking of rice with different levels of arsenic species in the cooking water was carried out. The presence of arsenic in the cooking water was provided by four arsenic species (arsenite, arsenate, methylarsonate or dimethylarsinate) and at three total arsenic concentrations (50,?250 or 500?µg?l^?1). The results show that the arsenic concentration in cooked rice is always higher than that in raw rice and range from 227 to 1642?µg?kg^?1. The cooking process did not change the arsenic speciation in rice. Cooked rice contributed a mean of 41% to the daily intake of inorganic arsenic. The daily inorganic arsenic intakes for water plus rice were 229, 1024 and 2000?µg?day^?1 for initial arsenic concentrations in the cooking water of 50, 250 and 500?µg?arsenic?l^?1, respectively, compared with the tolerable daily intake which is 150?µg?day^?1.     

Thawing Prior to Cooking Affects Sensory, Shear Force, and Cooking Properties of Beef Patties

Patties from 6 commercial formulations were cooked to 71°C from either the frozen state or after thawing for 24 to 27 h at 4 °C to eliminate the pink/red color exhibited when cooked to 71 °C from the frozen state. Thawed patties had shorter cooking times, higher cooking yields, and lower shear force peak load and peak energy values. Patties cooked from the thawed state increased in thickness during cooking, while patties cooked from the frozen state decreased in thickness during cooking. Thawing prior to cooking increased sensory evaluation scores except for patties made with carrageenan. Thawing not only eliminated the problem of pink/red color after cooking but also improved sensory, shear force, and cooking properties of beef patties.     

低温熏煮香肠的贮藏特性研究

对低温熏煮香肠在7℃贮藏条件下的感官、理化和微生物指标进行了研究。结果表明,随贮藏时间的延长,样品感官变化陆续表现为“空皮”、“出水、出油”和“胀袋”等腐败特征,同时伴有酸味、臭味等异味产生。随贮藏时间的延长,样品pH下降;TVB-N值先上升,后下降;TBARS值先上升,后下降;腐败微生物菌群的细菌总数消长规律为贮藏初期细菌总数缓慢上升,随后急剧上升,然后趋于稳定,最后下降。表明腐败微生物的生长繁殖和致腐是影响低温熏煮香肠产品质量和货架期的主要因素。     

Free D-amino acids determination in ready-to-eat cooked ham irradiated with electron-beam by indirect chiral HPLC

Potential racemization of L-amino acids (AA) in ready-to-eat (RTE) cooked ham after hygienization by electron-beam irradiation between 1 and 8 kGy was studied. An indirect chiral method based on the derivatization reaction of AA with o-phthaldialdehyde and N-acetyl-L-cysteine followed by reversed-phase HPLC and fluorimetric detection was applied to detect ten enantiomeric pairs of free AA (Asp, Ser, Thr, Ala, Tyr, Val, Trp, Phe and Leu). Five of the D-AA were not found in any of the samples analyzed; the other five remaining D-AA (D-Asp, D-Ser, D-Ala, D-Val and D-Leu) were detected both in irradiated and non-irradiated cooked ham samples, their content being in the range 1.25–13.79 μg/g. Although significant differences appeared for a few of the samples and doses, no positive correlation between the D-AA content and the irradiation doses was observed. Therefore, the electron-beam irradiation technique could be useful for sanitation of packed RTE cooked ham at doses allowed by WHO and EU, since it remains chemically safe to eat.     

全麦面条不同制作阶段挥发性风味物质比较分析

全麦熟面加工过程伴随着各种复杂的物理和化学反应,其挥发性风味物质在不同制作阶段香气特征尚不明确。本研究旨在揭示在熟面制作过程中气味物质的变化原因,为开发、改善、生产销售全麦鲜熟面提供指导。本研究采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱( GC-IMS) 联用技术,比较分析全麦粉、全麦生鲜面、全麦鲜熟面样品的挥发性组分。结果显示,共定性识别出55种挥发性风味物质,以醇类、醛类和酮类化合物为主。全麦粉制作成生面过程会加快全麦粉中脂质氧化或是氨基酸分解产生醛、醇、酯。煮制会使全麦面条中醛和醇的溶解和释放,并通过脂质氧化和热分解来调节酯和酮的浓度。以p＜0.05且VIP＞1为标准,共筛选出24种标志性差异化合物,这可能是造成全麦粉、全麦生面、全麦熟面风味差异的主要挥发性风味物质。