棉籽饼粕在饲料中的应用

本文评述了开发棉籽饼粕对发展我国养殖业的作用；目前影响我国棉籽饼粕作饲料的一些原因；现行制油工艺生产的棉籽饼粕在饲料中的应用；我国研究的工厂化生产去毒棉籽饼粕的一些不同工艺等问题。     

Production of cocoa butter-like fat from interesterification of vegetable oils

Cocoa butter-like fat was prepared from completely hydrogenated cottonseed and olive oils by enzymatic interesterification. The optimum reaction time to produce the major-component of cocoa butter, 1(3)-palmitoyl-3(1)-stearoyl-2-monoolein (POS), was 4 hr. The cocoa butter-like fat was isolated from the reaction mixture by two filtration steps. The yield of cocoa butter-like fat was 19%, based on the weight of the original oils. Chromatographic analysis of the product by reversephase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has shown it contains triglyceride components similar to those of cocoa butter, but that it has slightly more diglycerides. The melting point of this product, as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter, is 39°C, which compares well to the 36°C melting point of natural cocoa butter. Presented in part at the AOCS meeting in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1989.     

溶剂法浸出棉籽油和脱除棉酚的工艺研究

综述了采用单一溶剂或混合溶剂浸出棉仁生坯（或饼）,提取棉籽油并脱除棉籽粕中棉酚的工艺研究进展情况。     

花生油中掺杂棉籽油、大豆油的鉴定方法概述

花生油中掺杂棉籽油、大豆油的现象比较普遍。主要以掺入这两种油的花生油为样品,通过伯利哀试验和气润色谱法测定不同掺入量的混浊温度和脂肪酸组成,从而对花生油的掺杂进行鉴定。     

微波辅助酶解棉籽粕的条件优化及酶解产物功能性质研究

研究了微波辅助碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶双酶酶解棉籽粕的工艺条件.通过单因素实验确定了碱性蛋白酶酶解的最佳工艺条件为:微波温度60℃,微波功率500 W,酶加量5％(以底物质量计),酶解时间15 min;风味蛋白酶酶解的最佳工艺条件为:微波温度60℃,微波功率600W,酶加量5％(以底物质量计),酶解时间15 min.参照单因素优化条件,对棉籽粕进行连续酶解,酶解液多肽含量为13.32 mg/mL.棉籽粕经过微波连续双酶酶解后,吸油性、起泡性、乳化性等功能性质得到改善.     

乳清中棉籽蛋白的超滤回收研究

采用超滤技术回收蛋白质沉淀后的乳清中的棉籽蛋白,考察了操作压力、超滤时间、温度、pH、蛋白质浓度等因素对超滤膜通量的影响。结果表明,在等电点处膜通量最低,故超滤操作应在偏离蛋白质等电点的条件下进行;在实验范围内膜通量随操作压力的升高而升高,呈线性关系;随着超滤时间的延长,膜通量逐渐减小,超滤进行至20~30 min后,膜通量趋于稳定;随着温度的升高,膜通量增加。     

反胶束体系增溶水量对棉籽粕蛋白的萃取研究

棉籽粕中蛋白质含量约为50%。讨论了阳离子CTAB/正辛烷(正辛醇或正戊醇)、阴离子AOT/异辛烷两种反胶束体系在不同条件下的W0与萃取率之间的关系。通过调整助表面活性剂、助溶剂的种类和加入量,从而改变萃取率的主要影响因素——增溶水的量(W0),并得出最佳萃取率(84%)时,W0取值范围是30～40。     

The effects of varying gossypol intake from whole cottonseed and cottonseed meal on lactation and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows

Effects of varying amounts of gossypol from whole Upland cottonseed (WCS) and cottonseed meal (CSM) were evaluated in 40 midlactation Holstein cows. After 14 d of pretreatment, cows were assigned to 1 of the 5 treatments for 84 d: control (no gossypol), 931 mg/kg total gossypol (TG) and 850 mg/kg free gossypol (FG) from WCS (moderate TG and high FG); 924 mg/kg TG and 91 mg/kg FG from CSM (moderate TG and low FG), 945 mg/kg TG and 479 mg/kg FG with equal amounts of TG from WCS and CSM (moderate TG and FG), or 1894 mg/kg TG and 960 mg/kg FG with equal amounts of TG from WCS and CSM (high TG and FG). Concentrations of plasma gossypol (PG) and its isomers were directly proportional to FG intake. Concentrations of PG reached a plateau after 28 d on treatment, and they were highest in cows receiving a diet with high TG and FG. Erythrocyte fragility differed among treatments and increased with increasing FG intake. Plasma gossypol returned to negligible concentrations 28 d after withdrawal of cottonseed products from the high TG and FG diet. Serum vitamin A was similar among treatments, but vitamin E increased with increasing FG intake. Serum enzymes were generally unaffected by treatments, but urea N increased in diets higher in TG and FG. Intake of dry matter was higher for the diet high in TG and FG than for the control diet, but was similar for other treatments. Cows receiving the high TG and FG diet produced more milk and 3.5% fat-corrected milk, with no changes in milk composition. Feeding a diet containing 1894 mg/kg TG and 960 mg/kg FG for 84 d increased PG concentrations and erythrocyte fragility and resulted in minor changes in blood metabolites and enzymes, but no detrimental effect on lactation performance was observed. Indicators of liver, kidney, and muscle cell viability suggest that the higher amounts of gossypol consumed in this study had only minor effects on those tissues in lactating dairy cows.     

脱脂棉籽粕中棉籽糖提取方法的研究

棉籽糖是植物界中存在的低聚糖中含量仅次于蔗糖的低聚糖,提取主要是以甜菜糖蜜为原料,而从棉籽粕中提取棉籽糖的研究则较少.对棉籽粕中棉籽糖的浸出工艺进行了研究,通过对提取温度,乙醇溶液浓度和提取料液比等影响因素的分析,得出最佳工艺条件为:提取温度50℃,料液比为1:14(W/V),乙醇浓度为75%.在此工艺条件下,棉籽糖的浸出率为95%.提糖后的棉籽粕中游离棉酚含量由原来的0.085%降低到0.029%,低于FAO所规定的0.04%的食用标准.     

黑曲霉PES固体发酵对棉籽粕营养价值的影响

本文探讨了棉籽粕固体发酵条件，评定了发酵棉籽粕的营养价值。结果表明，发酵条件为水添加量70％，种子量10％，自然pH，30℃恒温培养48h；发酵后棉籽粕的粗蛋白提高了10.92%，必需氨基酸除精氨酸外均增加，尤其是赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸，它们分别提高了12.73%、22.39%和52.00%；发酵后棉籽粕的干物质、蛋白质和氨基酸等养分体外消化率也明显提高，其中粗蛋白、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸的体外消化率分别提高了13.11%、15.17%、27.07%和12.90%。