一种特别的首饰铸造工艺——墨鱼骨铸造

墨鱼骨铸造因其独有的特色和肌理,被首饰艺术家用来创作个性化艺术首饰。本文结合实际操作介绍这种首饰铸造的工艺过程及技术要点。     

Visual contrast modulates maturation of camouflage body patterning in cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis).

Camouflage is the primary defense behavior in cephalopods. It is known that cuttlefish immediately after hatching are capable of showing various body patterns for concealing themselves, however recent studies suggest that maturation of camouflage body patterns is faster for cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) reared in enriched environments than those reared in impoverished environments. Since camouflage patterning in cephalopods is predominately visually driven, this study specifically investigates effects of the rearing background contrast on the maturation of body patterns in cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis). Newly hatched animals were separated into two cohorts, one reared in a uniform-gray background (low-contrast, or L group) and the other raised in a black/white checkerboard background (high-contrast, or H group). At Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12, cuttlefish were placed individually either on uniform or checkerboard substrates to examine their body patterns. Animals from both L and H groups appear to show moderate disruptive patterns on the checkerboard and less disruptive on the uniform background at Week 2. Throughout development, however, cuttlefish from the H group showed stronger disruptive patterns than that of the L group on the checkerboard background at Weeks 10 and 12. In interesting findings, cuttlefish from both L and H groups showed similar strength but different disruptive components on the uniform background in later postembryonic stages. These results suggest that the maturation of camouflage body patterns in S. pharaonis is at least in part affected by visual contrast of their rearing backgrounds, although environmental complexity or social interaction is also likely to be involved in this process. This also implies that early visual experience could exert its effect on the seemingly preprogrammed behaviors such as camouflage body patterning in cephalopods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Immunochemical and Immunohistochemical Identification of a Minor Collagen in Raw Muscles of Decapod Mollusks

ABSTRACT: Approximately 10% of total muscle collagen in 6 decapod molluskan species was recovered as minor collagenous fractions by limited pepsin digestion and differential salt precipitation. The main alpha components (α1) in these fractions showed similar peptide maps of V-8 protease and lysyl endopeptidase digests to each other and had reactivity to the antiserum against the al component of the minor collagen (named Type SQ-II) from Todarodes pacificus muscle in immunoblot analysis. These results suggested that the minor molecular species of collagen corresponding to Type SQ-II of Todarodes pacificus was widely distributed in the mantle muscle of decapod mollusks. In addition, immunohistochemical experiments revealed that Type SQ-II collagen distributed mainly in intramuscular thin connective tissue (endomysium), suggesting the functional importance of this molecule to the development of meat texture of decapod mollusks.     

面向无人机航迹规划的自适应乌贼算法

面向无人机在线/离线航迹规划应用,针对传统乌贼算法的长时搜索局域化及精度变差问题,提出了一种联合修正的自适应乌贼路径搜索算法.首先,提出联合混沌扰动与变异学习的混合调节机制来扩充乌贼搜索深度,以提高搜索精度;然后,引入自适应权重机制来减小乌贼搜索范围,以提高搜索效率;同时引入适应度自动筛选机制来改善乌贼种群多样性,以防止陷入局部最优.通过6个基准函数测试验证了所提算法的有效性与先进性,最后对所提算法进行不同场景下的航迹规划仿真验证.针对离线航迹规划,所提算法规划航迹成功率高达100%,规划航迹最接近全局最优,其航程均值相比传统乌贼算法可缩减7.3 units,比粒子群算法缩减可达28.3 units.仿真结果表明:所提算法全局规划性能和搜索精度显著增强,同时随着场景复杂度的提高,其航迹优化效果更加显著;针对在线航迹规划,首先将全局路径规划问题转化为若干个航迹分段的规划,然后引入启发式方法确定分段节点.仿真结果显示所提算法满足实时性要求,规划航迹精度高,进一步验证了所提算法的有效性.     

连云港名菜爆乌花的工艺与营养分析

爆乌花是连云港著名的地方名莱，依据热量平衡原理，通过对乌片剞刀深度、角度和乌花生坯焯水时间、水温、水量的测定与分析，以及爆乌花时调味方法与烹调火候运用的分析，爆乌花莱的营养成分分析，从而得出制作爆乌花的最佳工艺方案。     

Early Experience and Postembryonic Maturation of Body Patterns in Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis).

This study investigates effects of the environment on the maturation of body patterns in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). Cuttlefish were reared either individually on a uniform background, which the authors have termed uniform-solitary conditions (Group A), or grouped on variegated backgrounds, which the authors have termed varied-social conditions (Group B). At Days 1, 15, 30, and 60, juveniles were placed individually in perceptually different testing conditions, either on small, variegated stones or on a uniform pale gray background. During development in both testing conditions, juveniles from Group B concealed themselves differently from those from Group A. Thus, it appears that the response to the background is subject to individual experience. Some hypotheses are discussed relating to the effect of early experience on the maturation of body patterns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of season and sex in the metal levels of mature common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) in Mersin Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean

The effects of sex and season on metal levels of the mantle of the common cuttlefish that was caught from Mersin Bay were evaluated. The annual range of mantle length (ML), total length (TL), and weight of common cuttlefish specimens were 110 to 183 mm, 380 to 581 mm, and 150.24 to 477.13 g, respectively. The annual range of metal levels in the mantle tissue of common cuttlefish were: 2.34 to 3.89 μg Cd g(-1), 0.30 to 0.63 μg Cr g(-1), 0.15 to 0.54 μg Pb g(-1), 2.35 to 14.90 μg Cu g(-1), 23.22 to 51.88 μg Zn g(-1), and 5.12 to 10.65 μg Fe g(-1). Cu levels of females were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those found in male throughout all the seasons while Pb levels were lower (P < 0.05) in males than females. Cr levels in the mantle tissue of cuttlefish did not change throughout the seasons. On the contrary, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Fe levels in the mantle tissue of cuttlefish changed throughout all the seasons. The highest Cd, Zn, and Fe levels were obtained in spring while the highest Cu levels were obtained in autumn. It was also found out that this species was rich in terms of metal levels, particularly, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe. It was found out that the mantle tissue of the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, which was caught from Mersin Bay, was contaminated with Cd in all the seasons.     

面向水下无声推进的形状记忆合金丝驱动柔性鳍单元

水下无声推进是潜器追求的理想目标,但几乎所有成熟的潜器都应用螺旋桨推进,噪声较大,推进效率随航度变化波动大,限制了潜器的应用.基于大多数鱼类和鳍波动推进时的乌贼的游动基本动作为柔性弯曲这一事实,从软体动物乌贼的鳍结构获得启发,借鉴其肌肉性静水骨骼原理,提出并研制嵌入形状记忆合金丝驱动的仿生柔性鳍单元,对柔性鳍单元进行转角理论分析及水中弯曲、回复试验,研制并试验基于柔性鳍单元的微型机器鱼.柔性鳍单元通过电流驱动,以模块化形式安装,实现身体/尾鳍推进、胸鳍波动推进等功能.柔性鳍单元为动作无噪声,转角大,无相对移动的机械部件,具有足够的输出力,结构简单,隐蔽性好,可实现水下无声仿生推进,在微小型水下机器人上应用具有优势.     

Isolation and Characterization of New 24 Microsatellite DNA Markers for Golden Cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta)

Twenty-four microsatellite DNA markers were isolated and characterized for golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta) from a (GT)(13)-enriched genomic library. Loci were tested in 48 individuals from Jiaozhou bay of China. The numbers of alleles per locus ranged from two to 25 with an average of 10.3. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.063 to 0.896 and from 0.137 to 0.953, with averages of 0.519 and 0.633, respectively. Six loci significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni's correction and no significant linkage disequilibrium between loci pairs was detected. These microsatellite markers would be useful for analyzing the population genetic structure to make conservation and management decisions for S. esculenta.