Content of Vasoactive Amines in Sremski Kulen and Sremska Kobasica Traditional Dry Fermented Sausages From Vojvodina

The aim of this paper was to determine the content of vasoactive biogenic amines in Sremski kulen and Sremska kobasica and to estimate hygienic conditions and good manufacturing practice (GMP) according to proposed criteria. Formation of dansyl chloride derivatizated vasoactive amines were determined using HPLC–DAD. Tryptamine (47.6; 34.2 mg/kg), histamine (16.1; 6.42 mg/kg) and tyramine (95.1; 45.2 mg/kg) were detected in both investigated type of traditional dry fermented sausages while phenylethylamine was not detected. Total content of vasoactive amines did not exceed the sum (200 mg/kg) proposed as a possible indicator of hygienic conditions and GMP in sausage production.     

盐渍猪肠衣的加工

本文详述了盐渍猪肠衣的加工技术及质量要求。     

Accumulation of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances in cured pork sausages treated with propolis extracts

Propolis collected by bees has many components that possess antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant properties. Cured ground pork meat was treated separately with 0.4% w/w ethanol‐extracted propolis (EEP 0.4%), 0.6% w/w water‐extracted propolis (WEP 0.6%), 0.8% w/w dried residue of ethanol‐extracted propolis (DREEP 0.8%) and 0.1% w/w potassium sorbate (PS 0.1%) and made into sausages. Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in the sausages to assess the effects of storage at 5, 10 and 20 °C after 0, 2 and 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of storage at 5 °C the sausages treated with EEP 0.4%, DREEP 0.8%, WEP 0.6% and PS 0.1% yielded TBARS values which were 50, 59, 35 and 91% respectively of the control value. There was an increase of 0.33 mg MDA kg^?1, the lowest of all treatments, in TBARS for the 0.4% w/w EEP‐treated sausages. The curing process will control microbiological spoilage, as will potassium sorbate. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Cure Levels, Processing Methods and Meat Source Effects on Low-fat Frankfurters

Frankfurters were manufactured from lean meats (100% beef and 50:50 beef-pork) to contain reduced levels of fat (about 1.3%). A curing solutibn was added to yield 160% of fresh meat weight. Three processing methods, coarse ground tumbled, fine ground tumbled and fine ground emulsified were used. All products were cooked in live steam to 71°C internal temperature. Product yields, penetrometer values, color, chemical composition, caloric content and added water were evaluated. Emulsified frankfurters from 50:50 beef-pork mixtures at 160% cure had texture similar to conventional product as well as increased (P<0.05) yields, acceptable color and 74% fewer calories.     

一种特别的首饰铸造工艺——墨鱼骨铸造

墨鱼骨铸造因其独有的特色和肌理,被首饰艺术家用来创作个性化艺术首饰。本文结合实际操作介绍这种首饰铸造的工艺过程及技术要点。     

一种火腿肠用膏状香精的制备

结合香精调配技术和美拉德反应,通过单因素考察及正交试验,优化原料配比、工艺条件等各种影响因素,制备一种肉香浓郁、留香持久且稳定性好的火腿肠用膏状香精。研究结果表明,美拉德反应的最佳物料配比为：葡萄糖2．5g,DL-蛋氨酸1．5g,L-半胱氨酸1．0g;最佳工艺条件为：反应时间90min,反应温度103℃。     

Characteristics of High- and Low-Fat Bologna Sausages as Affected by Final Internal Cooking Temperature and Chilling Storage

A study was made of the effect that final internal processing temperature (63, 70 and 78°C) and chilling storage (2°C) exerted on the characteristics (cooking loss, purge loss, colour, Instron texture profile analysis) of high-fat (242 g kg⁻¹) and low-fat (100 g kg⁻¹) bologna sausage. High-fat sausages were harder and chewier than low-fat sausages. Lower fat contents were accompanied by a significant reduction in the cooking loss and purge loss. Binding properties were not affected ( P> 0·05) by final internal cooking temperature. In general, Hunter colour parameter a values were higher in low-fat samples subjected to a high final internal cooking temperature than in those cooked up to only 63°C. High internal temperatures produced harder meat emulsions, an effect which was more pronounced in high-fat than in low-fat sausages. Cohesiveness and springiness of sausages was not affected ( P> 0·05) by heat treatment. There were no major variations in textural parameters as a result of chilled storage.     

不同茶叶提取物对广式腊肠品质的影响

天然多酚提取物,如茶叶提取物常用于替代肉制品中的合成抗氧化剂。该研究通过测定水分含量、水分活度、硫代巴比妥酸反应物（Thiobarbituric Acid Reactants,TBARS）含量、以及质构、色差、低场核磁共振波谱和感官鉴定探究不同茶叶提取物对广式腊肠品质的影响。结果表明,添加提取物的广式腊肠TBARS值由9.83 mmol MDA/g降低至2.32 mmol MDA/g以下,挥发性盐基氮含量（Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N）由0.17 mg/100 g N降低至0.07 mg/100 g N以下。茶叶提取物的添加显著降低了广式腊肠的水分含量,但对水分活度和水分组成无显著影响。在广式腊肠质构特性上,绿茶、黄茶和乌龙茶提取物显著降低了腊肠硬度。色差上,绿茶提取物的添加使腊肠红度由16.10上升至18.89。感官特性上,添加绿茶提取物的腊肠各项感官评分最高,但大部分感官指标无显著差异。因此,添加茶叶提取物可作为抑制广式腊肠加工过程中脂质氧化的有效手段,绿茶提取物在感官和色度上最适合作为腊肠的天然抗氧化剂。     

发酵香肠菌种的筛选及鉴定

本文从混合发酵剂中筛选菌株,确定用于发酵香肠生产的菌株名称,并对其筛选出的菌种进行生化鉴定,结果如下:RFx1为植物乳杆菌,RF261为德氏乳杆菌,AFx1为变异微球菌,ALx3为肉糖葡萄球菌.