The Role of Reservoirs in Shaping The Dominant Cyclicity And Energy Of Mountain River Flows

The main objective of the paper is to determine the role of mountain reservoirs in shaping the dominant cyclicity and energy of river flows. The paper compares a large complex composed of two reservoirs (Czorsztyn–Sromowce Wy?ne) with a smaller reservoir (Besko). These reservoirs are located in the Polish Carpathians and are characterised by very different parameters and functions. Moreover, they operate on rivers (the Dunajec and the Wis?ok) with different hydrologic regimes. Using Fourier spectral analysis of daily inflows, outflows and water levels in reservoirs for the period 1998–2012, it has been possible to identify the dominant frequencies of the considered time series with a percentage of spectral energy for these frequencies. Moreover, for signals created by river flow rates, changes in signal energy are associated with adequate changes in river energy. Therefore, by calculating the energy of the signal in the time domain, changes in signal energy can be observed before and after the water passes through the reservoir. Data on cyclicity of water levels in these reservoirs forms the background to the analysis of reservoir‐induced changes in cyclicity of river flows. The conducted analysis revealed that reservoirs strengthen the regularity of the annual periodicity of stream flow in the studied rivers. Besides, these reservoirs significantly reduce the energy of water flowing out of them compared to the energy of inflow. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

华北中部太原组火山事件层与煤岩层对比--火山事件层的旋回性与煤岩层对比(Ⅱ)

研究了华北中部太原组火山事件层,结果表明：火山事件期次对应事件层反映的喷发强度变化具有旋回性,一个火山事件旋回对应一次区域构造活动,火山事件旋回具有区域稳定性．籍此以火山事件层旋回划分对比为基础、结合火山事件层的期次分析对比,建立了火山事件等时面．应用火山事件等时面对研究区太原组主要煤岩层进行了对比,进而提出了新的对比方案     

The effect of dry period duration and dietary energy density on milk production, bioenergetic status, and postpartum ovarian function in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows

Following parturition, it is typical for dairy cows to enter a period of negative energy balance and body condition loss to support mammary milk synthesis; this is associated with compromised reproductive performance. Alternative management strategies during the prepartum (dry) and early postpartum periods may ameliorate this loss. Forty mature Holstein-Friesian cows were assigned to 1 of 2 dry period treatments [standard 8-wk dry period (SDP) or no planned dry period (NDP)] and 1 of 2 dietary energy density treatments [standard TMR (STMR) or high-quality TMR (HTMR)]. Milk yield during wk 1 to 12 postpartum was reduced in cows assigned to the NDP treatment. Energy balance and body condition score (BCS) during wk 1 to 4 postpartum were increased in cows assigned to the NDP treatment compared with the cows assigned to the SDP treatment, and BCS increased from wk 5 to 12 postpartum in the NDP cows compared with the SDP cows. During the first 12 wk postpartum, cows assigned to the HTMR diet had greater milk yield and reduced milk fat concentration compared with the cows assigned the STMR diet. The BCS was greater from wk 5 to 12 postpartum in HTMR cows compared with STMR cows. During the period from wk −3 to +3 relative to parturition, circulating concentrations of insulin, glucose, and IGF-I were greater in cows in the NDP treatment compared with cows in the SDP treatment. Cows assigned to the HTMR diet had greater circulating insulin and glucose concentrations compared with the STMR cows from wk −3 to +3 relative to parturition. The first postpartum ovulation occurred earlier for cows in the NDP treatment compared with cows in the SDP treatment (16.9 vs. 24.8 d postpartum. Cows assigned to the STMR diet tended to have a higher conception rate to first service compared with cows assigned to the HTMR diet. Energy balance and metabolic status can be improved by either eliminating the dry period or by feeding a higher energy diet, but effects on the reproductive axis appear to be different.     

Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone after first timed artificial insemination improves fertility in noncycling lactating dairy cows

Lactating Holstein cows were assigned randomly to treatments to improve fertility after first postpartum timed artificial insemination (TAI). In Experiment 1, cows received no treatment (control; n = 9), a controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) insert from 5 to 12 d after TAI (CIDR; n = 9), or 100 μg of GnRH 5 d after TAI (G5; n = 7). Although treatments did not affect circulating progesterone (P₄) concentrations from 5 to 19 d after TAI, there was a tendency for CIDR cows to have greater P₄ compared with control or G5 cows within 24 h after treatment. In 2 field trials, cows received either control (n = 223), CIDR (n = 218), or G5 (n = 227) treatments (Experiment 2), or control (n = 160), G5 (n = 159), or treatment with 100 μg of GnRH 7 d after TAI (G7; n = 163; Experiment 3). Treatment did not affect pregnancies per AI (P/AI) in Experiments 2 or 3; however, when data were combined to compare control (n = 383) and G5 (n = 386) treatments, P/AI tended to be greater for G5 (49.1%) than for control (45.8%) cows. This effect resulted from a GnRH treatment × cyclicity status interaction in which P/AI for noncycling cows receiving G5 was greater than for noncycling control cows (45.5 vs. 31.1%). In conclusion, treatment with CIDR inserts after TAI had no effect on P/AI, whereas treatment with GnRH 5 d after TAI improved P/AI for noncycling, but not for cycling cows.     

对层序地层学工业化应用中层序分级混乱问题的探讨

层序分级混乱是制约层序地层学工业化应用的关键问题之一。层序分级混乱的原因主要在于不同学者对层序发育主控因素的理解不同, 对层序界面的把握有别, 混淆了旋回性和阶段性。该文提出了在层序地层学工业化应用中克服层序级别混乱问题的对策, 从油气勘探开发的实用性出发, 提出3 个层次、六级层序、兼顾旋回性和阶段性的分级方案, 以三级层序作为标准层序, 将其按一定原则可组合成一、二级层序, 按一定原则可细分为四、五、六级层序。三级层序划分的唯一标准就是以不整合面为界, 内部没有明显的不整合面, 并可根据首次水进面和最大水进面划分出多个体系域。四级层序就是体系域, 不具有旋回性。按地震资料可分辨性将三级层序分为A、B 两类。3 个层次大体上与盆地分析与资源评价、区带评价与目标预测、油藏描述与滚动勘探开发3 个大的勘探阶段相对应。四级层序在沉积相编图和岩性地层圈闭发育有利区带预测中最为重要。     

测井数据Matlab插值与地质旋回性分析应用

依据插值运算原理,基于Matlab软件平台提供的一维插值函数Interp1编程实现了测井数据的自动插值处理。在给定插值间隔和给定插值总数两种条件下,对济阳坳陷G1井二叠系地层井段录井图自然伽马（GR）曲线进行插值处理,并进行了小波分析解释。结果表明,测井数据插值处理后不仅具有高保真性,而且更便于多尺度地质解释。实例钻井...     

PDCA管理在建筑工程中的应用

本文从 PDCA 基本原理为切入点,对建筑工程中PDCA工作模式的构成进行了探究,进而对建筑工程中PDCA管理的在各个阶段的具体应用做出了详细地分析。最后,对PDCA管理在建筑工程中的应用意义做了总结。     

Individual and combined effects of anovulation and cytological endometritis on the reproductive performance of dairy cows

The objective was to evaluate the individual and combined effect of anovulation and cytological endometritis (CTE) on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. A total of 1,569 cows from 3 data sets were used. In data set 1, 403 Holstein cows from 5 dairies in New York were used. In data set 2, 750 Holstein cows from 2 dairies, one in Florida and one in California were used. In data set 3, 416 dairy cows, 165 Holsteins, 36 Jerseys, and 215 Holstein-Jersey crossbreeds from a grazing dairy in Florida were used. Cyclicity and CTE was determined at 35 ± 3 (data set 2) or 49 ± 3 d in milk (data sets 1 and 3). A variable (VarCycCTE) containing all 4 possible permutations between cyclicity (cyclic = Cyc; anovular = Anov) and CTE (present = CTE; absent = Healthy) was created. In the combined data set (sets 1, 2, and 3), pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) diagnosed at 30 to 38 d after first AI was affected by VarCycCTE, with AnovCTE cows having decreased P/AI compared with CycHealthy cows (21.3 vs. 46.7%), whereas AnovHealthy (37.9%) and CycCTE cows (36.0%) had intermediate P/AI. Pregnancy per artificial insemination for the individual data sets and for pregnancy diagnosed at 63 to 74 d after artificial insemination followed a similar pattern. Pregnancy loss was not affected by VarCycCTE. Hazard of pregnancy up to 300 d in milk was affected by VarCycCTE in the combined data sets 1 and 2, with AnovCTE [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55], AnovHealthy cows (HR = 0.71), and CycCTE (HR = 0.8) having decreased hazard of pregnancy compared with CycHealthy cows. Median days open were 200, 159, 145, and 121 for AnovCTE, AnovHealthy, CycCTE, and CycHealthy, respectively. Hazard of pregnancy for the individual data sets followed a similar pattern. In summary, both anovulation and CTE were negatively associated with reproductive performance and, when combined, they had an additive negative effect.     

关于周期函数的几点註记与复合函数的周期性

周期函数尤其复合函数的周期性在科技领域有广泛应用。关于周期函数的定义本文对此给予记并对复合函数的周期性以定理的形式予以证明。     

某科技大厦水蓄冷空调系统蓄冷水池的保温设计

根据半无限大物体周期性变化边界条件下的温度波的传热规律,计算水蓄冷中央空调的蓄冷水池在地下室状况下的温度场、传热量（热流密度）,得出蓄冷水池埋在地下的部分可以不用保温,从而可以节省空调绝热工程的造价。