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排序方式: 共有1471条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
W. Claeys V. Quintard S. Dilhaire D. Lewis Y. Danto 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》1994,10(4):289-295
We have recently developed an optical contactless method for testing the quality of solder joints during accelerated thermal cycling ageing processes.1 The method was based upon the measurement of the dynamic thermal behaviour of the joint to short bursts of Joule heating. It has proved to be efficient in revealing the formation of cracks at the lead-solder interface. We present a method to evaluate ageing at a much earlier stage in the cycling process. We have observed in earlier work,1 that before cracks appear, structural changes occur in the solder at the lead-solder interface. The thermal response of the solder joint is recorded over time to a Peltier heat perturbation produced by flowing a current pulse through the interface where structural changes occur. The key point in this method is to discriminate the Peltier effect from the Joule thermal response because both effects generate heat. The variation of the early Peltier response in the thermal cycling ageing tests is seen as a quantitative signature of the structural changes in the lead-solder interface. 相似文献
2.
3.
Molds made of gray cast iron for casting pig iron ingots are subjected to severe temperature fluctuations. The main life-
limiting factor for mold damage is the formation of surface cracks arising from thermal fa-tigue. Various flame and plasma
sprayed coatings were investigated to extend the life of these molds. Coating materials studied include plasma sprayed ceramic
coatings with bond coats as well as flame sprayed oxidation- resistant alloy powders. The results of cyclic furnace tests
from room temperature to 1100 °C in air, simulating the thermal cycle in casting, indicated that failure occurred along the
interface between the bond coat and the gray iron substrate because of iron oxidation, and not at the interface between the
ceramic top coat-ing and the bond coating for a superalloy substrate. The field test results indicated that plasma sprayed
alumina coatings with 200 μm top coating thickness are the most promising materials for pig iron casting. 相似文献
4.
Hydrated calcium zincate was synthesized by mechanical ball milling of ZnO and Ca(OH)2 in water at room temperature. The structural and electrochemical properties of this material used as rechargeable anodic material were examined by microelectrode voltammetry, charge–discharge measurements and structural analysis. The results showed that during mechanical milling, ZnO, Ca(OH)2 and H2O reacted rapidly to form Ca[Zn(OH)3]2 · 2H2O which was subsequently transformed to a stable structure CaZn2(OH)6 · 2H2O. Since this composite oxide has lower solubility in KOH solution (<35 wt %) and better electrochemical reversibility than ZnO-based negative materials, the zinc anodes using this material can overcome the problems of shape changes and dendritc formation, and therefore exhibit improved cycling life. 相似文献
5.
R.B. Cantarutti R. Tarré R. Macedo G. Cadisch C. P. de Rezende J.M. Pereira J.M. Braga J.A. Gomide E. Ferreira B.J.R. Alves S. Urquiaga R.M. Boddey 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2002,64(3):257-271
It has been shown that with careful grazing management and addition of Pand K, but not N, fertilisers Brachiaria pastures are ableto maintain sustainable live weight gains over many years. However, standardon-farm practice, which generally involves high stocking rates, leads after afew years to pasture decline due mainly to N deficiency for grass regrowth. Togenerate an understanding of the mechanism of pasture decline and possiblemanagement options to mitigate this process, a study was performed in theAtlantic forest region of the south of Bahia state to study the N dynamics inpastures of Brachiaria humidicola subject to threedifferent stocking rates of beef cattle, with and without the presence of theforage legume Desmodium ovalifolium. Despite the fact thatthe C:N ratio of the deposited litter was high (60 to 70) the rate ofdecomposition was very rapid (k –0.07 gg–1 day–1) and annual rates of Nturnover through the litter pathway were between 105 and 170 kg Nha–1 year–1. In the grass-onlypasturesas stocking rate increased from 2 to 3 head ha–1, N recycledinthe litter decreased by 11%, but a further increase to 4 headha–1 decreased N recycling by 30% suggesting thatbeyonda certain critical level higher grazing stocking rates would lead to pasturedecline if there was no N addition. High stocking rates decreased theproportionof the legume in the sward, but at all rates the concentration of N in both thegreen and dead grass in the forage on offer and in the litter was higher in themixed sward. The presence of the legume caused a decrease in the C:N ratio ofthe microbial biomass while both soil N mineralisation and nitrificationincreased. This increased rate of turnover of the microbial biomass and thecontribution of N2 fixation to the legume resulted in largeincreasesin the N recycled via litter deposition ranging from 42 to 155 kg Nha–1 year–1. 相似文献
6.
Jian Zhou 《Electrochimica acta》2003,48(18):2571-2582
The effect on cycle capacity is reported of cathode material (metal oxide, carbon, and current collector) in lithium/metal oxide cells cycled with fumed silica-based composite electrolytes. Three types of electrolytes are compared: filler-free electrolyte consisting of methyl-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) oligomer (PEGdm, Mw=250)+lithium bis(trifluromethylsufonyl)imide (LiTFSI) (Li:O=1:20), and two composite systems of the above baseline liquid electrolyte containing 10-wt% A200 (hydrophilic fumed silica) or R805 (hydrophobic fumed silica with octyl surface group). The composite electrolytes are solid-like gels. Three cathode active materials (LiCoO2, V6O13, and LixMnO2), four conducting carbons (graphite Timrex® SFG 15, SFG 44, carbon black Vulcan XC72R, and Ketjenblack EC-600JD), and three current collector materials (Al, Ni, and carbon fiber) were studied. Cells with composite electrolytes show higher capacity, reduced capacity fade, and less cell polarization than those with filler-free electrolyte. Among the three active materials studied, V6O13 cathodes deliver the highest capacity and LixMnO2 cathodes render the best capacity retention. Discharge capacity of Li/LiCoO2 cells is affected greatly by cathode carbon type, and the capacity decreases in the order of Ketjenblack>SFG 15>SFG 44>Vulcan. Current collector material also plays a significant role in cell cycling performance. Lithium/vanadium oxide (V6O13) cells deliver increased capacity using Ni foil and carbon fiber current collectors in comparison to an Al foil current collector. 相似文献
7.
Binder effect on cycling performance of silicon/carbon composite anodes for lithium ion batteries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Libao Chen Xiaohua Xie Jingying Xie Ke Wang Jun Yang 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2006,36(10):1099-1104
The cycling performance of a silicon/carbon composite anode has been significantly enhanced by using acrylic adhesive and modified acrylic adhesive as binder to fabricate the electrodes for lithium ion batteries. The capacity retentions of Si/C composite electrodes bound by acrylic adhesive and modified acrylic adhesive are 79% and 90% after 50 cycles, respectively. These two binders are electrochemically stable in the organic electrolyte in the working window. They also show larger adhesion strength between the coating and the Cu current collector as well as smaller solvent absorption in the electrolyte solvent than polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Furthermore, sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) plays an important role on improving the properties of acrylic adhesive, which increases the adhesive strength of acrylic adhesive and improves the activation of the electrodes. 相似文献
8.
Bo He Fei Li Hong Zhou Yongbing Dai Baode Sun 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2007,4(3):335-340
Two kinds of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), consisting of NiCoCrAlY bond coats (BCs) deposited by electron beam-physical
vapor deposition (EB-PVD) and high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying, respectively, and top 8 wt%Y2O3–ZrO2 (8YSZ) ceramic layers deposited by EB-PVD were prepared on near-α titanium alloys. The field emission scanning electronic
microscopy and microhardness indentation are used to study the microstructure and microhardness. Different failure features
including cracking patterns and the delamination degree of these two TBCs are discussed according to the thermal cycling tests
in the atmosphere. It is found that the morphology of the two BCs deposited by different methods (EB-PVD and HVOF) determines
the microstructure and microhardness of their corresponding top 8YSZ layers. The BC prepared by EB-PVD is dense and homogeneous,
which leads to a dense and hard 8YSZ with clustered slim columnar grains. The BC prepared by HVOF, however, is porous and
inhomogeneous in microstructure and, as a result, the top ceramic layer is loose with low microhardness and clustered coarse
columnar grains. 相似文献
9.
10.
何庆复 《武汉理工大学学报(材料科学英文版)》2009,24(3):428-431
Behaviour of hardening and serration yield of a Fe-Ni-Cr alloy under isothermal cycling (ISC) and out-phase TMF was studied
on the basis of varied hysteresis loops. Cycling hardening and serrated yielding for ISC depend on the temperature and the
total strain range, stronger hardening with serrated yielding at higher strain range under ISC at 600 °C, but no hardening
and serrated yielding occurred under ISC at 800 °C. Stronger hardening with stress serration occurred at the thermal path
going to the lowest temperature, no stress serration occurred at the highest temperature under the out-phase. The hardening
also depends on the total strain range, higher total strain range with lower cycling temperature resulted in a stronger hardening
and remarkable serration yielding behavior. Weaker hardening without serrated yielding occurred at near 800 °C may due to
an obvious cycling stress drop under out-phase TMF. Change in the shape of the hysteresis loops also expresses the degree
of the damage of the tested alloy under out-phase and ISC. 相似文献