不同类型染料的缺氧生物降解性能研究

对24种常用染料在缺氧条件下的降解性能作了研究，探讨了不同类型、不同化学结构染料生物降解性的内在影响因素，得出了碱性染料和X型染料最易降解，K型染料次之，M型、KN型再次之。此外，染料的分子量、取代基数量、发色母体基团等也是影响染料缺氧生物降解性能的一个重要因素。     

骨组织工程PLGA/TCP复合材料的性能研究

骨组织工程的支架要求有与人骨在功能梯度上相一致的材料结构、几何结构和生理功能。PLGA／TCP复合材料具有适用于骨组织工程支架的综合性能。以快速成形技术低温沉积工艺的成形效果来评价材料的成形性能，以体外降解试验来评价材料的降解性能，以国家标准的方法来评价材料的细胞毒性，对PLGA和TCP不同配比下的性能进行了研究，发现TCP含量的增加有利于降低材料的细胞毒性，加快了材料的降解，但同时降低了材料的成形性能。从骨组织工程的临床应用来看，低的细胞毒性是需要首先得到保证的，成形性能则通过其他方式来改善。     

PBS/HNBR共混可降解橡胶的制备与性能

将聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）与氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）通过熔融共混的方法制备了可以降解的PBS/HNBR共混橡胶。利用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,分别对水解前后的PBS/HNBR共混橡胶的晶体结构、表面的微观形貌进行了表征。研究了不同的PBS/HNBR共混比对混炼胶的硫化特性、水解前后力学性能、降解性能的影响。结果表明:PBS与HNBR共混并未影响PBS的晶体结构,PBS能较均匀地分散在HNBR橡胶基体中。在150 ℃的强碱溶液条件下,PBS/HNBR共混橡胶出现了一定程度的降解,且随着PBS用量的增加,降解速率提高。当PBS用量为50 g时,共混橡胶的降解程度达到19.50%,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和硬度都有下降。     

可降解淀粉微球的性能研究

以可溶性淀粉为原料,反相乳液聚合法合成可降解淀粉微球,并测定了它的粒度分布、红外光谱、降解性、载药性等.结果表明：可降解淀粉微球的平均粒径为15.423μm,94%分布在1～50 μm,8 h后被淀粉酶降解11.72%～24.58%,淀粉微球具有很好的可降解性.     

丝胶浸渍棉质非织造地膜的制备与表征

 将棉质半成品水刺非织造布浸渍于不同质量分数的废蚕丝制成的丝胶溶液中,通过二浸二轧工艺烘干定型,实现了可降解棉质非织造地膜的制备。通过灰色关联分析得出影响地膜强度的因素及其排序为:回潮率> 增重率> 丝胶质量分数;采用ESEM、红外光谱、降解率等方法进行理化性能表征,分析其降解前后性能差异。结果表明:浸渍涂层法中胶液质量分数为1 %时,其理化性能最佳,纵横向断裂强力分别为33 N、44 N ,回潮率为1018 %。     

热塑性淀粉/聚乙烯共混体系的研究进展

分析了近年来热塑性淀粉的研究现状,综述了热塑性淀粉(TPS)与聚乙烯(PE)共混体系的研究进展。归纳出淀粉含量、塑化剂、加工设备和方法以及PE和淀粉的种类等因素,特别是增容剂对共混体系微观形态、机械性能和降解性能的影响较大,并展望了TPS/PE共混体系今后的发展方向。     

棉织物酶整理程度的监测方法

棉织物的纤维素酶整理能改善织物表面形态和风格，但控制不当会严重损伤织物强度。本文讨论了对纤维素酶促水解反应程度的监测方法，将减量率与还原糖产率相关联，提出一种简捷可靠的判断水解程度的方法，以求为棉织物酶整理提供工艺控制的依据。     

Effect of slowly and rapidly degraded protein sources on the concentrations of amino acids and peptides in the rumen of steers

Four steers were given diets of straw and tapioca supplemented with urea, casein, formaldehyde treated casein (FTC), decorticated groundnut meal (DCGM), soya bean meal (SBM), maize gluten meal (MGM) or fish meal (FM) to determine the effect of degradability on rumen amino acid and peptide concentrations. Maximum concentrations of amino acid and peptide-N in rumen ultrafiltrates occurred 1 h after feeding. Total amino acid-N concentrations (mg litre^?1) at this time were low, ranging from 1.2 SE 0.8 (urea) to 15.6 SE 6.0 (casein) with little variation in individual amino acids. The peptide-N concentrations (mg litre^?1) were higher, ranging from 2.4 SE 0.5 (urea) to 160.0 SE 21.0 (casein), but were poorly correlated with degradability and solubility. Apart from casein, the highest concentrations of peptide-N were for those protein supplements, MGM (136.0 SE 25.0), FM (90.0 SE 15.0), and FTC (87.0 SE 14.0), with the lowest degradability suggesting that other factors, such as hydrophobicity, are also involved in the control of rumen peptide concentrations. Pooled samples taken 1 h after the morning feed were separated into three molecular weight (MW) fractions, 5000–50 000 da, 250–5000 da and < 250 da by gel filtration chromatography. From amino acid analysis it was found that the highest proportion of peptide-N was in the 250–5000 da fraction, and although some high MW (5000–50 000) constituents were present, only the FTC and MGM diets gave rise to significant amounts.     

Determination of rumen degradability and ruminal effects of three sources of methionine in lactating cows

Objectives were to quantify the ruminal effects and flows to the omasum of Met provided as 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMB), the isopropyl ester of HMB (HMBi), and DL-Met. Eight ruminally cannulated cows were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design. Treatments were 1) no Met (control), 2) HMB at 0.10% of DM, 3) HMBi at 0.13% of DM, and 4) DL-Met at 0.088% of DM. Diets were identical except for type of Met supplement and were based on corn silage and alfalfa hay at 30 and 13% of dietary DM, respectively. Samples of omasal fluid were used to determine the proportion of Met supplements passing out of the reticulorumen. Dry matter intake (20.1 kg/d) was restricted during the week of sampling to a maximum of 95% of ad libitum DMI determined during the first 2 wk of the period. Milk yields (37.7 +/- 0.8 kg/d) and fat concentration (3.42 +/- 0.15%) were not significantly different for control, HMB, HMBi, and DL-Met. Milk protein concentration (2.91, 2.95, 3.02, 2.96 +/- 0.07%, respectively) was significantly increased by the HMBi treatment. Rumen volatile fatty acids profile and NH3 concentrations were similar across treatments. Apparent ruminal digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber were higher for the three diets supplemented with Met sources than for the control diet. In situ rate of digestibility of CP from alfalfa hay, TMR, and corn silage was affected by Met sources. Passage rates of small particles (0.071/h) and fluid (0.167/h) were not affected by treatments. Protozoal counts in the rumen and omasum were not significantly affected by Met sources. Proportion of omasal N from bacterial N was not different (0.54 +/- 0.03), and bacterial N flow (305 +/- 24.4 g/d) was similar across treatments. The proportion of HMB that passed into the omasum was 5.3 +/- 1.5% of the amount consumed. Only a small amount (2.3%) of HMBi was found as HMB in the omasum. These results indicate that little HMB escapes ruminal degradation through passage to the omasum and that the site of HMBi absorption must be preomasal.