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1.
Alkylated ureas: mineralization and evaluation as N sources 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An incubation experiment was conducted for 11 weeks to study the mineralization of ten alkylated ureas and urea in soil. Six of the alkylated ureas viz. methylurea(MU), 1,3-dimethylurea(1,3DMU), 1,1-dimethylurea(1,1DMU), ethylurea(EU), 1,3-diethylurea(1,3DEU) and butylurea(BU) and urea mineralized during the experiment. Urea mineralized immediately, while alkylated ureas mineralized after an incubation period ranging from less than a week to four weeks (delay period of mineralization). The delay period increased in the following sequence MU < 1,3DMU < EU < BU < 1,1DMU < 1,3DEU, but after the delay period was over the compounds mineralized almost as rapidly as urea. The delay period varied according to the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group and their position with respect to each other on the molecule. It appeared to be specific for each compound and was apparently not influenced by the presence of urea or other alkylated ureas. This character can be used to develop mixture of various alkylated ureas to obtain N mineralization at the desired time. Rapid evolution of CO2 and N2O was observed during the mineralization of urea as well as alkylated ureas. Increase in soil pH was also observed during this period. The simultaneous ocurrence of these events suggested the formation of urea as an intermediate during the mieralization of alkylated ureas. None of the alkylated ureas showed adverse affect on emergence of wheat seedlings and except DEU and BU at high concentration no other alkylated urea showed any adverse effect on initial growth of wheat seedlings. 相似文献
2.
In pot and field experiments conducted in 1990 and 1991 on an acid sandy, phosphorus (P) deficient soil in Niger, West Africa, the effect of seed coating on seedling emergence, early growth and grain yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) was studied. Seeds of pearl millet were coated with different rates (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 5.0; 10.0 mg P seed–1) and types of P fertilizers (single superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; monocalcium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium triphosphate). Seedling emergence was generally reduced at coating rates higher than 0.5 mg P seed–1 and prevented with single superphosphate and sodium triphosphate at rates higher than 5 mg P seed–1. No correlation was found between the pH and osmomolity of the coatings and final emergence of millet seedlings. The most favourable effect on plant growth and P content was achieved with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (AHP) as seed coating. This was attributed to the enhancement effect of ammonium on P uptake. Compared to the untreated control dry matter production at 20 days after planting (DAP) was increased by 280%, P content per plant by 330%, total biomass at maturity by 30% and grain yield by 45%. Although seed coating with AHP may be harmful to seedlings emergence, it represents a suitable method to enhance early growth and increase yield of pearl millet. 相似文献
3.
石惠 《安徽水利水电职业技术学院学报》2010,10(1):53-54
文章以批量打印入学通知书为例,介绍了WORD软件中的邮件合并功能以及其在日常办公中对于类似大量信函制作的应用。 相似文献
4.
Danah Zohar 《Minds and Machines》1995,5(4):597-607
There have been suggestions that the unity of consciousness may be related to the kind of holism depicted only in quantum physics. This argument will be clarified and strengthened. It requires the brain to contain a quantum system with the right properties — a Bose-Einstein condensate. It probably does contain one such system, as both theory and experiment have indicated. In fact, we cannot pay full attention to a quantum whole and its parts simultaneously, though we may oscillate between the two. In a quantum theory of consciousness, emergent meanings arise as an inevitable consequence of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. 相似文献
5.
基于复杂性科学基本概念的MAS涌现性量化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在MAS(Multi-Agent System)领域,面向涌现的MAS研究将MAS看成一类特殊的复杂系统,其关注点是MAS宏观层面的涌现性问题.这类研究需要借用复杂性科学研究中的一些基本概念描述、阐述MAS涌现性研究中的问题.文中着重对几个常用的基本概念及其量化研究做一概览,以深化对它们的认识,并结合这些概念及其量化研究在MAS涌现性研究中的应用特点,阐明它们对面向涌现的MAS研究的作用,以促进进一步的研究.这些概念包括复杂性、混沌边缘、自组织、涌现、适应和进化等. 相似文献
6.
Helene Guis Cyril Caminade Carlos Calvete Andrew P. Morse Annelise Tran Matthew Baylis 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2012,9(67):339-350
Vector-borne diseases are among those most sensitive to climate because the ecology of vectors and the development rate of pathogens within them are highly dependent on environmental conditions. Bluetongue (BT), a recently emerged arboviral disease of ruminants in Europe, is often cited as an illustration of climate''s impact on disease emergence, although no study has yet tested this association. Here, we develop a framework to quantitatively evaluate the effects of climate on BT''s emergence in Europe by integrating high-resolution climate observations and model simulations within a mechanistic model of BT transmission risk. We demonstrate that a climate-driven model explains, in both space and time, many aspects of BT''s recent emergence and spread, including the 2006 BT outbreak in northwest Europe which occurred in the year of highest projected risk since at least 1960. Furthermore, the model provides mechanistic insight into BT''s emergence, suggesting that the drivers of emergence across Europe differ between the South and the North. Driven by simulated future climate from an ensemble of 11 regional climate models, the model projects increase in the future risk of BT emergence across most of Europe with uncertainty in rate but not in trend. The framework described here is adaptable and applicable to other diseases, where the link between climate and disease transmission risk can be quantified, permitting the evaluation of scale and uncertainty in climate change''s impact on the future of such diseases. 相似文献
7.
对城市综合体产生的原因和背景进行了分析,并对城市综合体未来的发展趋势进行了预测,指出了目前城市综合体发展所面临的问题,给出了自己的一点建议,并提出应理性的对待城市综合体的建设。 相似文献
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