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1.
Rice straw is the most abundant agricultural residue on a global scale and is widely available as feedstock for cellulosic fuel production. However, it is highly recalcitrant to biochemical deconstruction and also generates inhibitors that affect enzymatic saccharification. Rice straw from eastern Arkansas was subjected to dilute acid pretreatment (160 °C, 48 min and 1.0% sulfuric acid) and solid-state fermentation with two lignocellulolytic fungi, Trametes hirsuta and Myrothecium roridum, and their saccharification efficacies were compared. T. hirsuta and M. roridum were tested separately; pretreatment of rice straw with either strain for seven days resulted in 19 and 70% enrichment of its holocellulose content, respectively. However, liquid chromatography analysis of the alkali extracts showed significant differences in cell wall degradation by T. hirsuta and M. roridum. T. hirsuta removed 15% more phenolic compounds and 38% more glucan than M. roridum, while M. roridum removed 77% more xylan than T. hirsuta. Fungal and dilute acid pretreated biomass was then hydrolyzed using Accellerase® 1500, a saccharification cocktail. Saccharification efficiency of M. roridum was 37% higher than that of dilute acid pretreatment of rice straw, requiring 8% lower enzyme loading and 50% shorter enzymatic hydrolysis duration. Alkali extraction of fungal pretreated biomass also yielded 10–15 g kg−1 of acid precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL), which is a valuable co-product for biorefineries. In comparison to dilute acid pretreatment, fungal pretreatment could be a cost-effective alternative for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass, such as rice straw. 相似文献
2.
JFC磷酸酯的合成和应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
详述了JFC磷酸酯的合成工艺路线,以及它在织物前处理精练工艺中的应用。与其它磷酸酯类精练剂性能对比,证明它可作为一种性能优良的精练剂中的添加剂。 相似文献
3.
4.
橡胶卷材挤出连续硫化生产线的结构特色与工作原理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了橡胶防水防腐卷材挤出连续硫化生产线的结构、特点和工作原理;指出在目前国内同类设备中,该生产设备具有先进性,并可替代引进设备。 相似文献
5.
The thermal and mechanical properties and the morphologies of blends of poly(propylene) (PP) and an ethylene–(vinyl alcohol) copolymer (EVOH) and of blends of PP/EVOH/ethylene–(methacrylic acid)–Zn2+ ionomer were studied to establish the influence of the ionomer addition on the compatibilization of PP/EVOH blends and on their properties. The oxygen transmission rate (O2TR) values of the blends were measured as well. PP and EVOH are initially incompatible as was determined by tensile tests and scanning electronic microscopy. Addition of the ionomer Zn2+ led to good compatibility and mechanical behaviour was improved in all blends. The mechanical properties on extruded films were studied for 90/10 and 80/20 w/w PP/EVOH blends compatibilized with 10 % of ionomer Zn2+. These experiments have shown that the tensile properties are better than in the injection‐moulded samples. The stretching during the extrusion improved the compatibility of the blends, diminishing the size of EVOH domains and enhancing their distribution in the PP matrix. As was to be expected, the EVOH improved the oxygen permeation of the films, even in compatibilized blends. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
6.
氨氮监测采用预蒸馏处理后,比色测定结果明显偏低。在样品预蒸馏处理过程中,硼酸作为吸收液,使显色时溶液pH值偏低,导致显色不充分是其主要影响因素。通过采取增加显色剂加入量的方法,解决了显色pH值偏低的问题,得到满意的测定结果。 相似文献
7.
Xue‐Bing Zhao Lei Wang De‐Hua Liu 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(6):950-956
Previous work has shown that the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse could be greatly enhanced by peracetic acid (PAA) pretreatment. There are several factors affecting the enzymatic digestibility of the biomass, including lignin and hemicelluloses content, cellulose crystallinity, acetyl group content, accessible surface area and so on. The objective of this work is to analyze the mechanism of the enhancement of enzymatic digestibility caused by PAA pretreatment. Delignification resulted in an increase of the surface area and reduction of the irreversible absorption of cellulase, which helped to increase the enzymatic digestibility. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed that the absorption peaks of aromatic skeletal vibrations were weakened or disappeared after PAA pretreatment. However, the infrared crystallization index (N.O'KI) was increased. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the crystallinity of PAA‐treated samples was increased owing to the partial removal of amorphous lignin and hemicelluloses and probable physical change of cellulose. The effect of acetyl group content on enzymatic digestibility is negligible compared with the degree of delignification and crystallinity. The results indicate that enhancement of enzymatic digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by PAA pretreatment is achieved mainly by delignification and an increase in the surface area and exposure of cellulose fibers. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
8.
9.
Sang C. Park 《The Visual computer》2003,19(1):38-49
A sweeping operation called polygonal extrusion is defined to improve the modeling power of CSG-based modeling. It is assumed that a 2D cross-sectional polygon (sweeping
polygon) moves in space while its containing plane is kept orthogonal to the tangent direction of the trajectory curve, a planar
polygonal chain having no self-intersections. The objective of the paper is to compute the boundary of the swept volume of
the sweeping polygon as a set of polygons (or triangles). The most significant challenge to accomplishing this objective is
the problem of trimming the swept volume. To solve the trimming problem, 2D-curve offsetting methods are employed. Two algorithms
are presented for polygonal extrusion that are based on different offsetting methods, the Voronoi diagram and PWID offset.
The proposed algorithms have been implemented and tested with various examples.
Published online: 28 January 2003 相似文献
10.
对传统的钼酸铵溶液净化工艺及文献介绍工艺进行了较为详细的分析 ,并与实验数据对比分析 ,找到了较为合理的工艺方案 相似文献