精甲霜灵和咯菌腈复配对烟草黑胫病菌的联合毒力

在实验室条件下,通过菌丝生长速率法测定了精甲霜灵和咯菌腈复配对烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophtora parasitica var.nicotianae)的联合毒力。结果表明:精甲霜灵和咯菌腈,分别以质量比为5:2、3:2、1:1、2:3和2:5复配的共毒系数CTC分别为149.74、167.80、134.13、142.35和167.20,综合增效作用考虑,3:2和2:5为精甲霜灵与咯菌腈混配的最佳配比。     

新型杀菌剂氟咯菌腈及其研究开发进展

综述了一种高效、低毒、对环境安全的广谱杀菌剂氟咯菌腈的理化性质、毒性、作用机理、特点与杀菌谱、合成方法及其应用研究与开发进展。     

噻虫·咯·霜灵FS拌种对大麦蚜虫防治效果及增产作用研究

考察不同剂量25%噻虫·咯·霜灵FS拌种对大麦蚜虫的防治效果,以及对大麦产量的影响。结果表明,不同剂量的25%噻虫·咯·霜灵FS拌种能有效控制蚜虫对大麦的危害,蚜虫发生初期防效达100%,蚜虫增长期防效为70.9%~96.7%,且持效期长。同时,25%噻虫·咯·霜灵FS拌种能显著提高大麦产量、有效穗、穗实粒数及千粒重,此外对白粉病具有兼治效果。大麦生产中采用60~70 mL25%噻虫·咯·霜灵FS拌10 kg种子,不仅能有效防治蚜虫,还能提高大麦产量和品质。     

3种杀菌剂拌种防治向日葵黑茎病药效试验研究

进行了3种杀菌剂对向日葵黑茎病的拌种药效试验,结果表明,3种药剂拌种后对向日葵出苗安全,不产生药害;各个处理的防效均随着向日葵生育进程的推进而下降,以出苗后35 d防效最为理想,此时2.5%咯菌腈FS 11.25 mL/hm2、2.5%咯菌腈FS 9 mL/hm2和50%多菌灵WP 13.5 g/hm2的防效为71.7%～83.4%,显著高于50%多菌灵WP 9 g/hm2、70%甲基硫菌灵WP 13.5 g/hm2和70%甲基硫菌灵WP 9 g/hm2,经方差分析证明处理间差异达到显著水平。     

2,2-二氟苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-4-甲醛的合成

[目的]旨在优化出一条适合工业化生产2,2-二氟苯并[1,3]问二氧杂环戊烯-4-甲醛的工艺路线.[方法]以邻甲酚为起始原料.经"一锅煮"得到3-甲基苯邻二酚,再经醚化、氯化、氟交换和水解5步反应得2,2-二氟苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-4-甲醛.[结果]反应总收率35.1%,含量99.5%(GC),产物与中间体经1H NMR、MS等进行了表征.[结论]提高了收率,简化了操作,适合工业化生产.     

2.5%适乐时悬浮种衣剂防治棉花苗期病害研究

通过对棉花种子进行不同剂量种衣剂包衣试验,研究了2.5%适乐时悬浮种衣剂对棉花苗期病害的相对防效。结果表明,每100kg种子用2.5%适乐时800～1000mL在棉花播种前进行种子包衣,可以有效防止棉花苗期病害发生,其保苗率和相对防效均达80%以上。     

Influence of post-harvest treatments with fludioxonil and soy lecithin co-application in controlling blue and grey mould and fludioxonil residues in Coscia pears

The residue levels of fludioxonil (FLU) were determined in Coscia pear following a 1-, 2- or 4-min dip in an aqueous mixture of FLU containing 300 or 100 mg l^?1 (active ingredient, a.i.) at 20 and 50°C, respectively, with or without 2% soy lecithin. The efficacy of heat treatment with water and FLU mixtures was investigated on artificially inoculated pears for the control of post-harvest decay caused by blue (Penicillium expansum Link) and grey (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.) mould. Treatment with 300 mg l^?1 FLU at 20°C increased residues significantly when treatment time rose from 1 to 2 min; no further increase was recorded when dip time raised from 2 to 4 min. FLU residue rates were unaffected by treatment time when 300 mg l^?1 a.i. was applied in combination with lecithin at 20°C. While treatment with 100 mg l^?1 a.i. at 50°C for 1 and 2 min resulted in similar residue levels, significantly higher residues were detected when dip time increased from 1 to 4 min. Co-application of lecithin significantly decreased FLU residues with respect to fruit treated with FLU alone. Treatments with FLU at 20 or 50°C effectively controlled decay over 10 days of incubation. While co-application of lecithin did not affect the efficacy of FLU at 300 mg l^?1and 20°C, treatment efficacy decreased when lecithin was applied in combination with 100 mg l^?1 FLU and 50°C for 4 min and to a greater extent when dip time was 1–2 min.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测盆栽辣椒中咯菌腈及精甲霜灵残留

目的建立一种同时检测盆栽辣椒中咯菌腈和精甲霜灵残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS),明确灌根处理方式下2种化合物的降解动力学。方法样品经乙腈溶液提取,Qu ECh ERS方法净化,C18色谱柱分离,使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行测定。结果在0.0005~0.2 mg/L质量范围内,咯菌腈和精甲霜灵的质量浓度与峰面积线性关系良好(r20.99),定量限(limit of quantitation,LOQ)为0.0005 mg/kg;在添加水平为0.01、0.05和0.1 mg/kg时,咯菌腈和精甲霜灵在盆栽辣椒中的平均回收率为93.00%~111.60%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.28%~7.95%。咯菌腈和精甲霜灵在盆栽辣椒中的消解动态符合一级动力学模型,半衰期分别为5.4 d和8.7 d。按推荐剂量和1.5倍推荐剂量灌根施药后3~14 d,盆栽辣椒中咯菌腈的残留量小于0.0062 mg/kg;盆栽辣椒中精甲霜灵的残留量小于0.0790 mg/kg。结论该方法简单灵敏,定量准确,符合盆栽辣椒中咯菌腈和精甲霜灵残留测定的检测要求。     

2,2-二氟-1,3-苯二氧戊环-4-甲醛的合成

标题化合物是合成杀菌剂咯菌腈的重要原料,考察了以邻香兰醛为原料制备2,3-二羟基苯甲醛,然后与二氟二氯甲烷反应直接合成得到目标中间体的方法。通过优化反应条件,得到最佳反应条件为0.5 mol/L双氧水、3.5 mol/L氢氧化钠、反应温度为60℃,水解得2,3-二羟基苯甲醛。再以DMSO为反应溶剂,3.0 mol/L二氟二氯甲烷在80℃下通过环合反应得到标题化合物,总收率为75%,纯度为97%。