Kinetic,thermodynamic parameters and in vitro digestion of tannase from Aspergillus tamarii URM 7115

Tannase is an enzyme used in various industries and produced by a large number of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate tannase production to determine the biochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties and to simulate tannase in vitro digestion. The tannase-producing fungal strain was isolated from “jamun” leaves and identified as Aspergillus tamarii. Temperature at 26°C for 67?h was the best combination for maximum tannase activity (6.35-fold; initial activity in Plackett–Burman design—15.53?U/mL and average final activity in Doehlert design—98.68?U/mL). The crude extract of tannase was optimally active at 40°C, pH 5.5 and 6.5. Moreover, tannase was stimulated by Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Mn²⁺. The half-life at 40°C lasted 247.55?min. The free energy of Gibbs, enthalpy, and entropy, at 40°C, was 81.47, 16.85, and ?0.21?kJ/mol?·?K, respectively. After total digestion, 123.95% of the original activity was retained. Results suggested that tannase from A. tamarii URM 7115 is an enzyme of interest for industrial applications, such as gallic acid production, additive for feed industry, and for beverage manufacturing, due to its catalytic and thermodynamic properties.     

甲基葡萄糖甙（MeG）水溶液工艺改进试验

介绍了用５次以上的母液生产ＭｅＧ水溶液工艺的改进试验。     

压力条件下淀粉合成甲基葡萄糖苷

以淀粉、甲醇为原料 ,以酸为催化剂 ,在压力条件下合成甲基葡萄糖苷 (简称甲苷 ) ,得出最佳催化剂是浓硫酸。通过正交实验 ,考察了糖醇比、反应压力、催化剂用量及反应时间对合成甲苷的影响 ,得到合成甲苷的最佳条件为n(淀粉 )∶n(甲醇 ) =1∶30 ,压力 0 5MPa ,催化剂用量为淀粉质量的 5 % ,反应时间 12 0min ,收率达 98 9%。     

Feeding response of Ips paraconfusus to phloem and phloem metabolites of Heterobasidion annosum-inoculated ponderosa pine,Pinus ponderosa

In studies of feeding by the bark beetle, Ips paraconfusus, two pine stilbenes (pinosylvin and pinosylvin methyl ether), ferulic acid glucoside, and enantiomers of the four most common sugars present in ponderosa pine phloem (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and raffinose) did not stimulate or reduce male feeding when assayed on wet -cellulose with or without stimulatory phloem extractives present. When allowed to feed on wet -cellulose containing sequential extracts (hexane, methanol, and water) of ponderosa pine phloem, methanol and water extractives stimulated feeding, but hexane extractives did not. Males confined in wet -cellulose containing aqueous or organic extracts of culture broths derived from phloem tissue and containing the root pathogen, Heterobasidion annosum, ingested less substrate than beetles confined to control preparations. In an assay using logs from uninoculated ponderosa pines, the mean lengths of phloem in the digestive tracts increased as time spent feeding increased. Males confined to the phloem of basal logs cut from ponderosa pines artificially inoculated with H. annosum ingested significantly less phloem than beetles in logs cut from trees that were (combined) mock-inoculated or uninoculated and did not contain the pathogen. However, individual pathogen-containing treatments were not significantly different from uninoculated controls. It was concluded that altered feeding rates are not a major factor which may explain why diseased ponderosa pines are colonized by I. paraconfusus.     

Adaptive relationships of epoxide hydrolase in herbivorous arthropods

Epoxide hydrolase catalyzes a simple hydrolysis of reactive cyclic ethers that may otherwise alkylate and impair critical proteins and nucleic acids required for life. Although much less studied than the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases that produce epoxides, differences in subcellular, tissue, pH, substrate, and inhibitor specificities argue for at least three forms of insect epoxide hydrolase. Increasing numbers of epoxides are being identified as plant allelochemicals, antifeedants, and essential hormones or precursors for herbivorous arthropods, and in many cases an associated alkene to diol pathway of metabolism is found. A role for epoxide hydrolase in arthropod-plant interactions is strongly supported by species comparisons and by age-activity and induction studies. Two major limitations for study in biochemical ecology of epoxide hydrolase are the lack of an effective in vivo inhibitor and a range of commercially available radiolabeled substrates for the enzymes.     

Emulsification properties of polyesters and sucrose ester blends II: Alkyl glycoside polyesters

Surface active properties such as surface and interfacial tension reductions and stability of oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions by alkyl glycoside fatty acid polyesters, a potential fat substitute, and emulsifier blends of alkyl glycoside polyesters and Ryoto sugar esters were investigated. Our results indicate that blending of lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifying agents produces a synergistic effect on reduction of surface and interfacial tensions and may, in some cases, result in more stable emulsions. Alkyl glycoside polyesters may be suitable for w/o emulsions, such as margarine and butter, and their blends with hydrophilic emulsifiers will produce reduced calorie emulsifiers suitable for use in o/w emulsions, such as salad dressing. There appears to be great potential for using such emulsifier blends in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.     

老鹳草化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

研究老鹳草(Geranium wilfordii Maxim.)全草的化学成分.采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析,结合重结晶等方法分离纯品化合物,并通过化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其化学结构.在原来分离的基础上又分离鉴定了4个化合物,分别为琥珀酸(7)、山奈酚(8)、胡萝卜苷(9)、山奈酚-3,7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(10),其中化合物7,9,10为首次从该种植物中分离得到,为太白山老鹳草的进一步开发利用提供依据.     

有机磷水解酶生物传感器载体固定化酶的研究

有机磷水解酶（OPH）传感器作为检测农产品中农药残留的新型检测装置,其酶的固定化对OPH传感器的灵敏度和稳定性有重要的影响。研究了几种酶固定化载体、孔径大小、固定方式、固定方法（试剂组成）对传感器pH值的影响。结果显示：采用孔径为0.45μm的硝酸纤维素膜制备固定化酶片的pH值要大于其余几种;采用浸泡方式制备固定化酶片的pH值明显大于传统的滴定法;采用牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、戊二醛交联固定的效果优于酶直接吸附法和BSA固定法,且当戊二醛体积分数为2.5％,BSA为10％时,酶固定化效果最好。     

硼酸双甘油葡萄糖苷月桂酸酯的合成及性能研究

以甘油葡萄糖苷、硼酸为原料,以对甲苯磺酸做催化剂,与月桂酸经酯化反应合成硼酸双甘油葡萄糖苷月桂酸酯表面活性剂,并采用红外光谱仪、核磁共振谱仪表征产物结构.实验结果表明:硼酸双甘油葡萄糖苷酯作为中间体与月桂酸进行反应,以用量为反应物总质量0.5%的对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,用30 mL的乙腈作为溶剂,在80℃下反应150 min,得到目标产物;其表面活性剂的表面张力为36.0 mN/m(20℃),临界胶束浓度为1.16×10-2 mol/L,并显示出良好的乳化性能.