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1.
Nicole Jacqueline Jensen Helena Zander Wodschow Malin Nilsson Jrgen Rungby 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(22)
Under normal physiological conditions the brain primarily utilizes glucose for ATP generation. However, in situations where glucose is sparse, e.g., during prolonged fasting, ketone bodies become an important energy source for the brain. The brain’s utilization of ketones seems to depend mainly on the concentration in the blood, thus many dietary approaches such as ketogenic diets, ingestion of ketogenic medium-chain fatty acids or exogenous ketones, facilitate significant changes in the brain’s metabolism. Therefore, these approaches may ameliorate the energy crisis in neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by a deterioration of the brain’s glucose metabolism, providing a therapeutic advantage in these diseases. Most clinical studies examining the neuroprotective role of ketone bodies have been conducted in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, where brain imaging studies support the notion of enhancing brain energy metabolism with ketones. Likewise, a few studies show modest functional improvements in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive benefits in patients with—or at risk of—Alzheimer’s disease after ketogenic interventions. Here, we summarize current knowledge on how ketogenic interventions support brain metabolism and discuss the therapeutic role of ketones in neurodegenerative disease, emphasizing clinical data. 相似文献
2.
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The disease and its treatments exert profound effects on an individual’s physical and mental health. There are many factors that impact an individual’s risk of developing breast cancer, their response to treatments, and their risk of recurrence. The community of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota, affects human health through metabolic, neural, and endocrine signaling, and immune activity. It is through these mechanisms that the gut microbiota appears to influence breast cancer risk, response to treatment, and recurrence. A disrupted gut microbiota or state of ‘dysbiosis’ can contribute to a biological environment associated with higher risk for cancer development as well as contribute to negative treatment side-effects. Many cancer treatments have been shown to shift the gut microbiota toward dysbiosis; however, the microbiota can also be positively manipulated through diet, prebiotic and probiotic supplementation, and exercise. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and breast cancer and to highlight potential strategies for modulation of the gut microbiota that could lead to improved clinical outcomes and overall health in this population. 相似文献
3.
Ilaria Zuliani Chiara Lanzillotta Antonella Tramutola Eugenio Barone Marzia Perluigi Serena Rinaldo Alessio Paone Francesca Cutruzzol Francesco Bellanti Matteo Spinelli Francesca Natale Salvatore Fusco Claudio Grassi Fabio Di Domenico 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
The disturbance of protein O-GlcNAcylation is emerging as a possible link between altered brain metabolism and the progression of neurodegeneration. As observed in brains with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), flaws of the cerebral glucose uptake translate into reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation, which promote the formation of pathological hallmarks. A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to foster metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance in the brain and such effects have been associated with the reduction of cognitive performances. Remarkably, a significant role in HFD-related cognitive decline might be played by aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation by triggering the development of AD signature and mitochondrial impairment. Our data support the impairment of total protein O-GlcNAcylation profile both in the brain of mice subjected to a 6-week high-fat-diet (HFD) and in our in vitro transposition on SH-SY5Y cells. The reduction of protein O-GlcNAcylation was associated with the development of insulin resistance, induced by overfeeding (i.e., defective insulin signaling and reduced mitochondrial activity), which promoted the dysregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux, through the AMPK-driven reduction of GFAT1 activation. Further, we observed that a HFD induced the selective impairment of O-GlcNAcylated-tau and of O-GlcNAcylated-Complex I subunit NDUFB8, thus resulting in tau toxicity and reduced respiratory chain functionality respectively, highlighting the involvement of this posttranslational modification in the neurodegenerative process. 相似文献
4.
Theories of plant chemical defenses discriminate between quantitative digestibility reducers (e.g., tannins) and qualitative toxins (e.g., alkaloids). Since the differential effect on taste of these compounds is poorly known, we recorded ingestive responses of a primate species, Microcebus murinus, to four tannin-rich plant extracts and to quinine, by using the behavioral method of the two-bottle test. The efficiency of tannic extracts at precipitating protein was measured with the blue BSA method. Inhibition taste thresholds for tannins added to a moderately sweet solution varied between 0.25 and 2 g/l. The threshold for quinine hydrochloride was 0.32 g/l. The profiles of the response/concentration curves established for these astringent and bitter substances were similar, with maximal inhibition of consumption occurring for near-threshold concentrations. The large amounts of quinine required to deter this small-bodied species from feeding were unexpected, given its unspecialized frugivorous/insectivorous diet. We propose that the taste responses of Microcebus to tannins have been shaped in relation to the widespread occurrence of efficient polyphenols in food plants, while low responsiveness to quinine reflects a low risk of ingesting toxic alkaloids when feeding on ripe fruits and insects. 相似文献
5.
Colin?WilbornEmail author Jacqueline?Beckham Bill?Campbell Travis?Harvey Melyn?Galbreath Paul?La Bounty Erika?Nassar Jennifer?Wismann Richard?Kreider 《Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition》2005,2(2):4-31
Obesity and its associated disorders are a growing epidemic across the world. Many genetic, physiological, and behavioral
factors play a role in the etiology of obesity. Diet and exercise are known to play a valuable role in the treatment and prevention
of obesity and associated disorders such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this review
is to examine the prevalence, etiology, consequences, and treatment of obesity. 相似文献
6.
张宇 《四川烹饪高等专科学校学报》2014,(3):16-19
五千多年的灿烂文明造就了中国饮食文化的广博与精深。人们愿意为饮食而津津乐道,也愿意为追求美食而乐此不疲。饮食既是普通之事,又是文化的体现。千百年来,无数文人墨客、达官贵人甚至是平民百姓,将自身的学识和经历,兴趣和爱好与饮食一一结合,创造了博大精深的饮食文化,精食与雅食便是其中璀璨的明珠,在中国饮食文化中熠熠生辉。 相似文献
7.
姚伟钧 《四川烹饪高等专科学校学报》2014,(6):4-7
在漫长的历史与独特的地理生态环境中,中国形成了人与自然和谐发展的饮食养生文化,中国传统岁时饮食养生文化具有丰富而又和谐、多样而又统一的特点,带有浓郁的地域色彩。文章对中国饮食养生的基本原则和楚地、吴地岁时饮食养生民俗作了较为全面的探讨,由此反映了这些地域深厚的文化传统。 相似文献
8.
隐喻不仅是一种修辞手法,而且是一种思维方式和文化反映。英、汉语中存在大量饮食隐喻,英汉饮食隐喻虽有共性,但更多的是存在差异。探讨英汉饮食隐喻存在的差异以及引起这些差异的文化原因,对加深认识隐喻、了解中西文化差异以及成功进行跨文化交际具有积极的意义。 相似文献
9.
许秋华 《扬州大学烹饪学报》2014,(4):9-14
二人转中所反映的东北地区民间饮食习俗不仅多姿多彩,而且有着鲜明的地域特点和独特的民族风格、历史特征。米、面结合的主食,朴实粗犷、原汁原味的肴馔,别具特色的小吃,彰显东北地域性格的酒饮,这种多元而独特的饮食风格在二人转中得到了充分展现。作为东北地区原生态艺术代表的二人转,广泛而深刻地反映了东北地区的社会生活。 相似文献
10.
简耀 《常州信息职业技术学院学报》2013,(5):51-53
英语饮食习语是英语民族国家饮食文化的浓缩,像似性地传达他们的饮食文明.从皮尔斯符号三分法的拟象符角度,阐释数量像似性、顺序像似性以及对称像似性在英语饮食习语构成上的体现.大量的例证表明习语并非不可分割、不可解读的,而是可以进行理据性分析的. 相似文献