短程硝化-强化生物除磷序批式反应器处理畜禽养殖废水

畜禽养殖废水有机物水质水量变化大,有机物、氨氮与磷的浓度较高,直接排放会严重危害环境。通过构建厌氧-好氧序批式反应器（SBR）处理预酸化畜禽养殖废水,分析了不同进水负荷条件下反应器对污染物的去除性能和微生物群落结构的变化规律。结果表明：SBR反应器对高负荷进水中TN、PO^3-₄—P和COD的平均去除率可分别达到64.5%、97.5%和94.5%。反应器出现NH⁺₄—N和NO₂—N亚硝酸同时积累的短程硝化现象,这可能与高进水负荷对氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌的活性和种群的影响有关。与乙酸盐相比,以丙酸盐作碳源时污泥的强化生物除磷活性更高。随着进水负荷的增大,聚糖菌（GAOs）的相对丰度明显升高。四联球状菌（Tetrasphaera）为反应器中始终占优势的聚磷菌（PAOs）,对反应器除磷性能有重要贡献。在高有机负荷条件下,SBR内PAOs与GAOs之间不存在明显的底物竞争关系,系统脱氮除磷性能未受影响。     

牡蛎糖原的提取、纯化及补体活性研究

采用酶解结合醇沉法从新鲜牡蛎中提取制备牡蛎糖原(oyster glycogen,OG),经阴离子交换柱DEAE-52、葡聚糖凝胶柱SephadexG-100分离纯化,得到纯度较高的牡蛎糖原组分OG11.其蛋白质量分数为0.33％,糖质量分数为97.77％.用气相色谱法对OG11进行单糖组成鉴定,结果表明其中只含有葡萄糖...     

Effects of COD to Phosphorus Ratios on the Metabolism of PAOs in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with Different Carbon Sources

To elucidate the phosphorus removal and metabolism under various COD / P ratio,a sludge highly enriched in PAOs was used to investigate the impacts of COD / P in batch tests under different carbon supply conditions. Acetate,propionate and a mixture of acetate and propionate at a ratio of 3 ∶ 1( COD basis) was used as carbon sources with the COD / P of 20,15,10 and 5. 0 g COD /gP,respectively. The minimum COD / P ratios for complete P removal were found to be 8. 24 g COD /gP for acetate,11. 40 g COD /gP for propionate and9. 10 g COD /gP for the 3 ∶ 1 mixture of acetate and propionate. Converted to a mass basis,all three cases had a very similar ratio of 7. 7 g VFA /gP,which represented a useful guide for operation of EBPR plants to identify possible shortages in VFAs. The trend in PHV accumulation during the anaerobic period along with the decrease of COD / P ratios suggested that,PAOs may use the TCA pathway for anaerobic VFA uptake to maintain the required NADH production with reduced glycogen degradation. During the aerobic phase,the glycogen pool was reduced but remained enough compared to the requirement for anaerobic VFA uptake,and the synthesis and degradation of glycogen was not the inhibition factor of PAOs.     

Effect of Betaine and Arginine on Interaction of αB-Crystallin with Glycogen Phosphorylase b

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play an important role in many biological processes in a living cell. Among them chaperone–client interactions are the most important. In this work PPIs of αB-crystallin and glycogen phosphorylase b (Phb) in the presence of betaine (Bet) and arginine (Arg) at 48 °C and ionic strength of 0.15 M were studied using methods of dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and analytical ultracentrifugation. It was shown that Bet enhanced, while Arg reduced both the stability of αB-crystallin and its adsorption capacity (AC₀) to the target protein at the stage of aggregate growth. Thus, the anti-aggregation activity of αB-crystallin increased in the presence of Bet and decreased under the influence of Arg, which resulted in inhibition or acceleration of Phb aggregation, respectively. Our data show that chemical chaperones can influence the tertiary and quaternary structure of both the target protein and the protein chaperone. The presence of the substrate protein also affects the quaternary structure of αB-crystallin, causing its disassembly. This is inextricably linked to the anti-aggregation activity of αB-crystallin, which in turn affects its PPI with the target protein. Thus, our studies contribute to understanding the mechanism of interaction between chaperones and proteins.     

瓜拉纳抗疲劳功效的研究

雄性昆明小鼠按体重随机分为3组(I-瓜拉纳、II-西洋参液、III-纯水对照)。每组小鼠每日分别一次性灌服剂量20mL/kg,连续灌胃35d后,进行耗竭性游泳实验,测定小鼠游泳时间,运动后全血乳酸水平、血清尿素氮水平及肝糖原含量。结果表明:与纯水相比,瓜拉纳、西洋参可显著降低雄性小鼠体内的血乳酸水平,其中瓜拉纳还能显著提高雄性小鼠体内的肝糖原储备。     

灵芝片抗疲劳作用实验研究

目的研究林中宝灵芝片抗疲劳的作用。方法按小鼠体重分为高、中、低剂量组。分别灌胃给予1.03、0.36、0.18g/kg的灵芝片30d,对照组给予生理盐水。通过小鼠负重游泳实验测定小鼠耐缺氧时间、小鼠肝糖原含量改变及小鼠血清尿素氮含量变化等。观察小鼠运动性疲劳时林中宝灵芝片对体内相关指标的影响及其机制。结果林中宝灵芝片组小鼠游泳时间、耐缺氧力、肝糖原含量、血清尿素氮含量降低均与生理盐水组有显著差异。结论林中宝灵芝片有明显的抗疲劳作用。     

桑叶不同组分降血糖作用研究

目的:研究桑叶不同组分的降血糖作用,筛选桑叶中降血糖作用活性组分。方法:采用四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠模型,观察桑叶不同组分对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠血糖及肝糖原的影响。结果:桑叶多糖组分和桑叶生物碱组分能有效降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖,促进肝糖合成,增加肝糖原。桑叶黄酮组分无明显的降血糖和增加肝糖原作用。结论:桑叶多糖组分和桑叶生物碱组分有较好的降血糖作用,能有效降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖,促进肝糖合成,增加肝糖原。     

两种分子量壳聚糖抗疲劳作用的研究

目的:以小鼠为实验对象,研究两种分子量和剂量的壳聚糖对小鼠的抗疲劳作用的影响。方法:用相对分子质量为2.4×103和7.6×104的壳聚糖给小鼠灌胃18d,测定游泳时间、血糖和乳酸含量;至24d测定肝糖原和肌糖原含量。结果:两种分子量和不同剂量的壳聚糖均能延长小鼠游泳时间、加速游泳后血糖恢复和乳酸清除并提高游泳前后肝糖原和肌糖原的含量;与同剂量的高分子量壳聚糖相比,低分子量壳聚糖显示了更优的抗疲劳作用。结论:壳聚糖具有抗疲劳作用且与其分子量有关。     

不同碳源驯化聚糖菌反硝化及N2O释放特性

为了确定反硝化聚糖菌(DGAOs)的脱氮性能及N₂O释放特性,采用序批式生物反应器,分别以乙酸钠和葡萄糖为碳源(反应器分别记作SBRAc和SBRGl),考察其脱氮过程中的碳源变化以及N₂O释放特性。结果表明,SBRAc和SBRGl的总氮去除率分别为(80.2±2.8)%和(63.4±3.5)%,N₂O产率分别为(7.16±1.43)%和(13.35±2.46)%。以乙酸钠为碳源时,聚糖菌厌氧阶段吸收的有机物主要以胞内聚-β-羟基烷酸(PHA)形式储存;以葡萄糖为碳源时,部分有机物用于胞内糖原(Gly)的积累,PHA合成量减少。聚糖菌内源反硝化过程中,依次利用胞内PHA和Gly作为内碳源,且PHA提供电子的速率远大于Gly,导致SBRGl内NO₂^-大量积累、N₂O释放量增加。NO₂^-对氧化亚氮还原酶活性的抑制效应是导致聚糖菌内源反硝化过程释放N₂O的主要因素。与葡萄糖相比,乙酸钠更易被反硝化聚糖菌吸收为易利用的内碳源PHA,并降低反硝化过程中N₂O的释放量。