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排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ethanol vapor deactivation of gossypol in cottonseed meal 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
R. J. Hron Sr. P. J. Wan M. S. Kuk 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(10):1337-1339
Most cottonseed cultivars contain gossypol, a polyphenolic antinutritional compound. “Free” gossypol is a physiologically
active form of gossypol, which is toxic to young- and nonruminant animals. To utilize solvent-extracted cottonseed meal as
a general feed, gossypol must be either removed or deactivated to a minimum level specified for each class of animal. Normally,
deactivation is carried out prior to oil extraction; however, the desired level of deactivation is not always attained. A
new supplemental method of deactivation has been found by using either ethanol or isopropanol vapors on solventextracted meal.
In a bench-top set-up, ethanol vapor reduced free gossypol from 0.115 to 0.053%, and a further reduction to 0.026% has been
observed with the addition of ferrous sulfate. The supplemental deactivation method can, in most cases, reduce free gossypol
to significantly safer levels for feeding, thus increasing utility, and possibly demand, for cottonseed meal as a general
animal feed protein source.
Presented in part at the AOCS Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, May 8–12, 1994. 相似文献
2.
Michael K. Dowd 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(10):1287-1295
Cottonseed soapstock samples, collected during the 1993–1994 crushing season from oilseed extraction mills throughout the
United States Cotton Belt, were analyzed by chemical and chromatographic methods. Volatiles averaged 48.7±10.6% (mean±SD,n=39). On a dry basis, the samples averaged 33.3±7.3% fatty acids, 26.3±6.9% phospholipids, 8.4±6.4% triglycerides, and 7.5±3.0%
gossypol. The analytical techniques accounted for 93.3±8.6% of the dry soapstock matter. The AOCS method for total fatty acids
in soapstock yielded values in agreement with the chromatographic and phosphorus analyses. In contrast, the AOCS method for
neutral oil in soapstock gave values that were significantly higher than those obtained by chromatography. The amount of nonlipid
material in the samples correlated with the phosphorus content. Total gossypol and nitrogen levels were also related. 相似文献
3.
PE, one of the major phospholipids in oilseed soapstock, may react with gossypol to form Schiff bases. PE amounts to 20–30%
of the phosphorus compounds in soap-stock. In this report, the dependence on pH of the Schiff base products between PE and
gossypol was investigated using a spectrophotometer, an HPLC equipped with an ELSD, and an LC-MS system. We observed that
at pH 7 the Schiff reaction product and reactants were clearly detected by ELSD, absorption, and LC-MS spectra. The absorption
spectra displayed the characteristic peak for the Schiff bases around 430–440 nm. The absorption spectra also indicated that
the reaction was pH dependent. The reaction temperatures were 60 and 90°C. The LC-MS spectra supported the formation of Schiff
bases as well as methyl ether derivatives of gossypol in alcohol at the elevated temperatures. The implications of these experimental
findings are presented in this paper. 相似文献
4.
Ethanol extraction of oil,gossypol and aflatoxin from cottonseed 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
R. J. Hron Sr. M. S. Kuk G. Abraham P. J. Wan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(4):417-421
Commercial processing of cottonseed requires hexane to extract and recover edible oil. Gossypol and aflatoxin are not removed
from extracted meals. A bench-top extraction process with 95% (vol/vol) aqueous ethanol (EtOH) solvent has been developed
that extracts all three of the above materials with a much less volatile solvent. In this process, cottonseed is pretreated
and extracted with ambient 95% EtOH to remove gossypol and then extracted with hot 95% EtOH to extract oil and aflatoxin.
Membranes and adsorption columns are used to purify the various extract streams, so that they can be recycled directly. A
representative extracted meal contained a total gossypol content of 0.47% (a 70% reduction) and 3 ppb aflatoxin (a 95% reduction).
Residual oil content was approximately 2%. Although the process is technically feasible, it is presently not economical unless
a mill has a continual, serious aflatoxin contamination problem. However, if a plant cannot meet the hexane emission standards
under the Clean Air Act of 1990, this process could provide a safer solvent that may expand the use and increase the value
of cottonseed meal as a feed for nonruminants.
Presented in part at the AOCS annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, May 1992. 相似文献
5.
Induction of systemic resistance to feeding of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, was investigated in two isogenic lines of Stoneville 213 cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, that differed in the presence of pigment glands. In laboratory bioassays, larvae strongly preferred to feed on glandless cotton plants when presented a choice between undamaged terminal leaves of undamaged glanded and glandless plants. Feeding damage inflicted by S. exigua larvae on the two oldest leaves of glanded plants seven days prior to feeding bioassays caused larvae to prefer by 33-fold the undamaged terminal foliage from undamaged plants compared to that from damaged plants. Feeding damage on glandless plants caused only a 2.6-fold greater preference for terminal foliage from undamaged plants over foliage from previously damaged plants. Extracts of terminal foliage from glanded cotton damaged seven days earlier had significantly greater quantities of terpenoid aldehydes (hemigossypolone, gossypol, and heliocides) than did foliage from undamaged glanded plants. Terpenoid aldehydes were undetectable in extracts of both undamaged and previously damaged glandless plants. The profile of volatile compounds collected from the headspace of mechanically damaged terminal leaves of undamaged glanded and glandless plants differed. Both cotton isolines released large quantities of lipoxygenase products (hexenyl alcohols, acetates, and butyrates), but glandless plants released only small amounts of mono- and sesquiterpenes compared to glanded plants. Glandless plants damaged seven days prior to volatile collection released significantly greater quantities of lipoxygenase products, -ocimene, and - and -farnesene than did undamaged glandless plants. Previously damaged glanded plants released significantly greater quantities of all mono- and sesquiterpenes and hexenyl acetates and butyrates, but not alcohols. The relative importance of volatile compounds versus terpenoid aldehydes in induced feeding deterrence in cotton to S. exigua larvae is still unclear. 相似文献
6.
通过比较不同酵母茵在以醋酸棉酚为唯一碳源的固体培养基上的生长状况,筛选出一株在醋酸棉酚培养基中生长较好的产朊假丝酵母1087。酵母茵生长曲线测定结果表明,产朊假丝酵母1087在以醋酸棉酚为唯一碳源的液体培养基中,37℃、170r/min摇床条件下培养20h总菌数达到最大值。以产朊假丝酵母1087为接种剂,以棉粕和红薯渣等为主要原料的固体发酵试验,结果表明,发酵后的样品粗蛋白含量提高了37.4%,棉酚含量下降了55.6%。 相似文献
7.
棉酚是一种多酚类化合物,由于它在男性避孕方面有副作用,WHO已禁止其作为人类抗生育药物。近年随着抗肿瘤生物活性的深入研究,它可能成为新的抗肿瘤药物。现从抗增殖,干预信号传导通路,干预能量代谢以及抑制Bcl-2蛋白表达4个方面阐述棉酚的抗肿瘤作用机制,并介绍了国内从棉仁、棉籽毛油和油脚及皂脚等多途径回收棉酚的新方法。 相似文献
8.
9.
The effects of varying gossypol intake from whole cottonseed and cottonseed meal on lactation and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Effects of varying amounts of gossypol from whole Upland cottonseed (WCS) and cottonseed meal (CSM) were evaluated in 40 midlactation Holstein cows. After 14 d of pretreatment, cows were assigned to 1 of the 5 treatments for 84 d: control (no gossypol), 931 mg/kg total gossypol (TG) and 850 mg/kg free gossypol (FG) from WCS (moderate TG and high FG); 924 mg/kg TG and 91 mg/kg FG from CSM (moderate TG and low FG), 945 mg/kg TG and 479 mg/kg FG with equal amounts of TG from WCS and CSM (moderate TG and FG), or 1894 mg/kg TG and 960 mg/kg FG with equal amounts of TG from WCS and CSM (high TG and FG). Concentrations of plasma gossypol (PG) and its isomers were directly proportional to FG intake. Concentrations of PG reached a plateau after 28 d on treatment, and they were highest in cows receiving a diet with high TG and FG. Erythrocyte fragility differed among treatments and increased with increasing FG intake. Plasma gossypol returned to negligible concentrations 28 d after withdrawal of cottonseed products from the high TG and FG diet. Serum vitamin A was similar among treatments, but vitamin E increased with increasing FG intake. Serum enzymes were generally unaffected by treatments, but urea N increased in diets higher in TG and FG. Intake of dry matter was higher for the diet high in TG and FG than for the control diet, but was similar for other treatments. Cows receiving the high TG and FG diet produced more milk and 3.5% fat-corrected milk, with no changes in milk composition. Feeding a diet containing 1894 mg/kg TG and 960 mg/kg FG for 84 d increased PG concentrations and erythrocyte fragility and resulted in minor changes in blood metabolites and enzymes, but no detrimental effect on lactation performance was observed. Indicators of liver, kidney, and muscle cell viability suggest that the higher amounts of gossypol consumed in this study had only minor effects on those tissues in lactating dairy cows. 相似文献
10.
棉仁蛋白是一种潜在的重要食品资源,由于棉酚的存在一直未被人类充分利用。通过甲醇脱酚、4#溶剂脱脂、低温连续脱溶的棉籽粕生产工艺和碱溶酸沉的蛋白生产工艺,于2001年首次实现了工业化利用有腺体棉籽粕生产食用棉仁分离蛋白的实践,获得了高安全性的棉仁分离蛋白。 相似文献