丁基橡胶及卤化丁基橡胶市场分析

根据国内外丁基橡胶和卤化丁基橡胶现状，分析了未来几年的市场需求情况，并对国内丁基橡胶工业的发展提出了建议。     

Semiflexible random thermotropic copolymers from 8‐(3‐hydroxy phenyl) octanoic acid and 3‐chloro‐4‐hydroxy benzoic acid/3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxy benzoic acid

Two series of semiflexible random thermotropic copolymers containing 8‐(3‐hydroxy phenyl) octanoic acid (HPOA) with either 3‐chloro‐4‐hydroxy benzoic acid or 3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxy benzoic acid were prepared by melt polycondensation techniques. The copolyesters were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dilute solution viscometry, hot‐stage polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Studies revealed that the amount of HPOA as a disruptor incorporated into the backbone of substituted 4‐hydroxy benzoic acids had a detrimental effect on the liquid‐crystalline behavior. Mesophase‐transition temperatures were observed between 210 and 250°C, and the optical textures were of typical nematic phases. The degree of crystallinity decreased with an increase in the HPOA content. The thermal stability of the copolymers was in the range of 310–370°C. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008     

The melting points of ultralong paraffins and their homologues

Because of the recent availability of the melting points of several ultralong normal paraffins, the melting behavior of normal paraffins has been investigated. Taking the melting point of polyethylene to represent the melting point of an ultralong paraffin, a new function has been established to represent the melting points of alkanes from the carbon number 32 onwards. Adopting the same value for the limiting melting point of an ultralong paraffin, equations are derived for the melting points of several homologous series.Nomenclature a A constant to be determined - b A constant to be determined - m Number of methylene groups in the molecule - n Number of carbon atoms in the molecule - n ^* Number of carbon atom above which Eq. (6) is applicable - T ₀ Temperature constant, K - T _c Critical temperature, K - T _c Critical temperature of an ultralong normal paraffin, K - T _b Normal boiling point, K - T _b Normal boiling point of an ultralong normal paraffin, K - T _m Melting point, K - T _m Melting point of an ultralong paraffin, K - Standard deviation {[(T _m (obsd)–T _m (calc)]²/(No. points–No. parameters)}^0.5     

吡啶衍生物及其催化闭环法合成

介绍吡啶衍生物的分类,并详细总结了烷基吡啶和卤代吡啶的应用及其合成路线。简要分析全球吡啶及其衍生物的生产及市场现状,概述了烷基吡啶和卤代吡啶的合成技术进展及其合成方法,并对吡啶衍生物的催化闭环法合成进行了介绍。最后指出我国的科研工作者应重视开发具有自主知识产权的吡啶新化合物。     

卤代吡啶类化合物的合成及应用

介绍了吡啶和卤代吡啶的结构和性质,综述了五氯吡啶、3,5,6,-三氯吡啶-2-酚、2-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶等几种氯代吡啶化合物的合成及其在农药、医药领域的应用,并对各种合成路线工业化前景作了评价。     

A selective conductive polymer-based sensor for volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOC)

A novel poly(p-xylylene), PPX, derivative bearing alkoxyphenyl side groups was electrochemically synthesized in 87% yield. The polymer, poly(4′-hexyloxy-2,5-biphenyleneethylene) (PHBPE), presented a fraction (92%) soluble in common organic solvents. It showed to be thermally resistant up to 185 °C. UV–vis analysis revealed an E_gap of 3.5 eV. Gas sensors made from thin films of 10-camphorsulfonic acid-doped PHBPE deposited on interdigitated electrodes exhibited significant changes in electrical conductance upon exposure to five VHOCs: 1,2-dichloroethane, bromochloromethane, trichloromethane, dichloromethane and tetrachloromethane. The conductance decreased after exposure to tetrachloromethane and increased after exposure to all the other VHOCs. Three-dimensional plots of relative response versus time of half response versus time of half recovery showed good discrimination between the five VHOCs tested.     

Inhibitory Effect of 8‐Halogenated 7‐Deaza‐2′‐deoxyguanosine Triphosphates on Human 8‐Oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine Triphosphatase,hMTH1, Activities

hMTH1 (8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanine triphosphatase) hydrolyzes oxidized nucleoside triphosphates; its presence is non‐essential for survival of normal cells but is required for survival of cancer cells. In this study, 8‐halogenated‐7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyguanosine triphosphate (8‐halogenated‐7‐deazadGTP) derivatives were synthesized. Interestingly, these triphosphates were poor substrates for hMTH1, but exhibited strong competitive inhibition against hMTH1 at nanomolar levels. This inhibitory effect is attributed to slower rate of hydrolysis, possibly arising from enzyme structural changes, specifically different stacking interactions with 8‐halogenated‐7‐deazadGTP. This is the first example of using nucleotide derivatives to inhibit hMTH1, thus demonstrating their potential as antitumor agents.     

Room-temperature hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzenes over metal–organic-framework-derived ultra-dispersed Ni stabilized by N-doped carbon nanoneedles

Ultra-dispersed Ni nanoparticles (7.5 nm) on nitrogen-doped carbon nanoneedles (Ni@NCNs) were prepared by simple pyrolysis of Ni-based metal–organic-framework for selective hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzenes to corresponding anilines. Two different crystallization methods (stirring and static) were compared and the optimal pyrolysis temperature was explored. Ni@NCNs were systematically characterized by wide analytical techniques. In the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene, Ni@NCNs-600 (pyrolyzed at 600 °C) exhibited extraordinarily high performance with 77.9 h^–1 catalytic productivity and > 99% p-chloroaniline selectivity at full p-chloronitrobenzene conversion under mild conditions (90 °C, 1.5 MPa H₂), showing obvious superiority compared with reported Ni-based catalysts. Notably, the reaction smoothly proceeded at room temperature with full conversion and > 99% selectivity. Moreover, Ni@NCNs-600 afforded good tolerance to various nitroarenes substituted by sensitive groups (halogen, nitrile, keto, carboxylic, etc.), and could be easily recycled by magnetic separation and reused for 5 times without deactivation. The adsorption tests showed that the preferential adsorption of –NO₂ on the catalyst can restrain the dehalogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene, thus achieving high p-chloroaniline selectivity. While the high activity can be attributed to high Ni dispersion, special morphology, and rich pore structure of the catalyst.     

Size-Dependent Cellular Uptake of RGD Peptides

Monomeric RGD peptides show unspecific fluid-phase uptake in cells, whereas multimeric RGD peptides are thought to be internalized by integrin-mediated endocytosis. However, a potential correlation between uptake mechanism and molecular mass has been neglected so far. A dual derivatization of peptide c(RGDw(7Br)K) was performed to investigate this. A fluorescent probe was installed by chemoselective Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of the 7-bromotryptophan and a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linker was attached to the lysine residue. Flow cytometry and live cell imaging confirmed unspecific uptake of the small, non-PEGylated peptide, whereas the PEG₅₀₀₀ peptide conjugate unveiled a selective internalization by M21 cells overexpressing α_vβ₃ and no uptake in α_v-deficient M21L cells.     

Double Repositioning: Veterinary Antiparasitic to Human Anticancer

Drug repositioning, the approach of discovering different uses for existing drugs, has gained enormous popularity in recent years in the anticancer drug discovery field due to the increasing demand for anticancer drugs. Additionally, the repurposing of veterinary antiparasitic drugs for the treatment of cancer is gaining traction, as supported by existing literature. A prominent example is the proposal to implement the use of veterinary antiparasitics such as benzimidazole carbamates and halogenated salicylanilides as novel anticancer drugs. These agents have revealed pronounced anti-tumor activities and gained special attention for “double repositioning”, as they are repurposed for different species and diseases simultaneously, acting via different mechanisms depending on their target. As anticancer agents, these compounds employ several mechanisms, including the inhibition of oncogenic signal transduction pathways of mitochondrial respiration and the inhibition of cellular stress responses. In this review, we summarize and provide valuable information about the experimental, preclinical, and clinical trials of veterinary antiparasitic drugs available for the treatment of various cancers in humans. This review suggests the possibility of new treatment options that could improve the quality of life and outcomes for cancer patients in comparison to the currently used treatments.