吴茱萸次碱对胃肠道运动影响的实验研究

目的: 研究吴茱萸次碱对胃肠道运动的影响, 并就其作用机制进行初步探讨。方法: 考察吴茱萸 次碱对正常小鼠肠道推进的影响,并分别以新斯的 明、胃复安或利血平制作了小鼠胃肠道运动亢进的 模型,观察了吴茱萸次碱的拮抗作用;豚鼠离体肠管在乙酰胆碱或组腾的剌激下发生收缩,在此基础上, 了解吴茱萸次碱的抑制作用。结果: 吴茱萸次碱抑制正常小鼠小肠推进和新斯的明所致的小肠运动亢进,但对后者的作用更为明显;对甲氧氯普脏和利血 平所致的胃排空亢进表现出显著的抑制作用,同时有效地对抗了乙酰胆碱或组膝对豚鼠离休肠管的收缩作用。结论: 吴茱萸次碱能抑制小鼠胃肠运动功能,可能与其对抗胆碱能神经对胃肠道运动的支配有关。     

Balb/c小鼠花生过敏模型的建立及发病机理

通过皮下注射花生粗蛋白的致敏方式,建立Balb/c小鼠花生过敏模型,探讨食物过敏的发病机制.将16只Balb/c小鼠(雌性)分为PBS对照组和模型组,利用伊红苏木精(haematoxylin and eosin,H&E)染色,用透射电镜观察小鼠肠道炎症和肠绒毛病理变化,发现花生过敏模型组较PBS对照组可见小肠黏膜水肿和炎症细胞浸润,组肠微绒毛严重损伤;通过伊文思蓝尾静脉注射,模型组中小鼠足部出现明显蓝色,而对照组无明显变化;模型组腹腔灌洗液细胞相对PBS对照组炎症细胞数目显著增加,主要以嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和肥大细胞为主,且肥大细胞活化状态明显;酶联免疫吸附法检测发现,血清中IgE、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6和组胺的水平及腹腔上清液组胺的水平,模型组明显高于对照组(P<0.05),IgG2a和IFN-γ的水平模型显著低于PBS对照组(P<0.01).花生模型组较对照组出现一系列的过敏病理变化,为开发治疗花生过敏药物提供了良好的动物模型.     

诺司咪唑抗过敏作用的实验研究

目的: 观察诺司咪唑(norstemizole)的抗过敏作用。方法: 采用豚鼠在体和离体实验模型, 观察诺司咪唑的抗过敏效应。结果: 诺司咪唑10^-9~10^-8 mol·L^-1, 能抑制磷酸组胺引起的豚鼠离体回肠平滑肌的收缩, IC50为4.42 ×10^-9 mol·L^-1 。豚鼠口服诺司咪唑0.1, 0.5 和1.0 mg·kg^-1 3 个剂量, 均可显著地抑制磷酸组胺所致的休克作用和皮肤血管通透性增加(P<0.01)。在大鼠同种被动皮肤过敏(PCA)模型中, 能显著地抑制其皮肤过敏, 抑制率分别为23.6 %, 67.9 %和81.7 %。结论: 诺司咪唑为第三代抗组胺药, 在药效上优于母体化合物阿司咪唑。     

Cell proliferation of the ileum intestinal mucosa of diabetic rats treated with ascorbic acid

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the ascorbic acid supplementation on the cellular proliferation on the ileum mucosa of diabetic rats. Fifteen 90-days rats were divided in the groups: control, diabetic and diabetic supplemented with ascorbic acid (DA). Two hours prior the sacrifice, they were injected with Vincristin. Semi-seriate histological cuts stained with HE were accomplished. About 2500 crypt cells from the intestinal mucosa were counted in order to obtain the metaphasic indexes. The height and depth of 30 villi and 30 crypts were measured for each animal, respectively. The metaphasic indexes showed no significant changes when we compared the three groups: 20.2 +/- 0.7 (control), 18 +/- 1.9 (diabetic) and 17 +/- 1.4 (DA) (p > 0.05). The values obtained from the crypts measurement were 221.2 +/- 8.5 (control), 225.3 +/- 9.5 (diabetic) and 222 +/- 34 (DA). The villi of the control, diabetic and DA animals presented the following results: 301.7 +/- 25.33, 304.8 +/- 25.63 and 322.1 +/- 45.77 respectively. The morphometric data were not different statistically (p > 0.05). Summing up, the present work showed that there was no alteration in the cellular proliferation of the ileum of diabetic-induced rats supplemented with ascorbic acid.     

多元分辨方法比较分析不同莪术油指纹图谱

为了解不同种莪术的挥发油,其化学成分的差异及相应的色谱指纹图谱的特征,运用化学计量学中的多元分辨方法,比较分析中药温莪术、广西莪术与蓬莪术挥发油的化学指纹图谱,并用模拟数据考察光谱相似程度与正交投影残差曲线形状的关系。温莪术、广西莪术与蓬莪术的挥发油色谱指纹图谱中,分别有至少25、12和28种化学成分,其中,牻牛儿酮与莪术醇等7种为三种莪术所共有。(表2)关于化学成分的相互关系,光谱相似程度越高,投影残差曲线越接近于零。     

微量元素硼对大鼠回肠显微结构、消化酶活性、屏障功能及抗氧化功能的影响

本实验旨在研究饮水中添加不同剂量硼元素对大鼠回肠显微结构、消化酶活性、屏障功能及抗氧化功能的影响。选用100 只刚断乳的清洁级SD大鼠,适应性饲养1 周后随机分成10 组（n＝10）,对照组饮用蒸馏水,实验I～IX组分别饮用含5、10、20、40、80、160、320、480 mg/L和640 mg/L硼的蒸馏水,实验期60 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,饮水中添加5 mg/L硼的大鼠回肠绒毛高度和杯状细胞（goblet cell,GC）数量极显著增加（P＜0.01）,紧密连接蛋白ZO-1（P＜0.05）和Occludin（P＜0.01）表达量显著升高,麦芽糖酶（P＜0.05）、乳糖酶（P＜0.01）、α-淀粉酶（P＜0.01）、脂肪酶（P＜0.01）活力以及总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）（P＜0.05）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活力（P＜0.01）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）含量（P＜0.01）显著增加。饮水添加10 mg/L硼的大鼠回肠GC（P＜0.05）和上皮内淋巴细胞（intra-epithelial lymphocytes,IEL）（P＜0.01）数量显著增加,分泌型免疫球蛋白A（secretory immunoglobulin A,SIg A）（P＜0.05）、ZO-1（P＜0.01）和Occludin（P＜0.01）表达量显著升高,乳糖酶（P＜0.01）、SOD（P＜0.01）活力和GSH-Px含量（P＜0.05）也显著增加。而饮水添加480 mg/L和640 mg/L硼的大鼠GC（P＜0.01）和IEL（P＜0.01）数量显著降低,SIg A（P＜0.01）、ZO-1（P＜0.05）和Occludin（P＜0.01）表达量均显著降低,麦芽糖酶活力以及T-AOC也显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论：饮水补充5 mg/L和10 mg/L硼可改善大鼠回肠的显微结构,增强消化酶活性、屏障功能以及抗氧化功能,而饮水补充480 mg/L和640 mg/L硼则产生相反作用。     

Prediction of apparent heal protein digestibility in pigs with a two-step in-vitro method

The use of a two-step in-vitro method to predict the in-vivo ileal digestibility of proteins in pigs was investigated. It proved not possible to predict accurately the ileal protein digestibility with the in-vitro method. By dividing the samples into groups of closely related products, a good relationship (r² = 0.93) between in-vivo and in-vitro data was only obtained for wheat products, where only five samples were analysed. For beans, peas, rapeseed products and soya bean products it was still not possible to predict the in-vivo protein digestibility (r² = 0.03-0.60). The in vivo-in vitro relationship was mainly determined by the properties of the proteins and the presence of antinutritional factors, such as lectins and trypsin inhibitors. The first influences both the in-vitro and in-vivo protein degradability and the latter only reduces the in-vivo degradability by stimulating the secretion of endogenous protein. It is suggested that, with the in-vitro method, real ileal digestibility of proteins is predicted. The apparent ileal protein digestibility can only be predicted with the in-vitro method after making corrections for the influence of these antinutritional factors on the secretion of endogenous protein. Possibly corrections are also needed for microbial protein, and protein which is solubilised in the small intestine but not absorbed because of the physical state of the chyme.     

DDPH对多种介质所致豚鼠离体肠道平滑肌收缩的影响

目的 研究1-(2, 6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-(3, 4-二甲氧基苯乙氨基)丙烷盐酸盐(DDPH)对多种介质引起的豚鼠离体肠道平滑肌收缩的影响。方法 肠道平滑肌实验法。结果 不同剂量的DDPH 可非竞争性抑制磷酸组胺、氯化乙酰胆碱及Ca²⁺的作用, 使量效曲线非平行右移, 最大反应压低, 其pD₂'值分别为4.0、3.8、3.9。DDPH 还可抑制K⁺所致肠道平滑肌收缩, 但作用较维拉帕米弱, IC₅₀ 值分别为2.7μmol·L^-1 和0.7 μmol·L^-1。结论 DDPH通过非竞争性Ca²⁺拮抗作用使豚鼠回肠平滑肌松弛。     

不同方法处理的芝麻粕营养价值评定

选用5头健康、体重35 kg左右,在回肠末端安装简单“T”型瘘管的杂交阉公猪(杜×长×大),采用有重复5×5拉丁方设计,测定经不同方法处理的4种芝麻粕(发酵芝麻粕+赖氨酸(FSML),酶解芝麻粕(ESM),发酵芝麻粕(FSM)和普通芝麻粕(SM))饲喂生长猪的消化能、代谢能,粗蛋白表观消化率及真消化率、磷消化率和氨基酸回肠末端表观消化率及真消化率.结果表明:不同处理方法显著影响芝麻粕能量、磷和粗蛋白的利用率,并且改善了部分氨基酸回肠末端表观消化率及真消化率.FSM和FSML的粗蛋白表观消化率、粗蛋白真消化率和磷消化率均显著高于SM和ESM (P ＜0.05).相对于ESM,FSM和FSML的消化能均提高了6.29％,代谢能均提高了7.85％ (P ＜0.05).FSML的苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸和丝氨酸的回肠末端表观消化率相对于SM分别提高了4.42个百分点、9.30个百分点、7.28个百分点和4.12个百分点(P＜0.05);FSM和FSML的苯丙氨酸回肠末端表观消化率与真消化率均显著高于SM和ESM (P ＜0.05);但SM的丙氨酸回肠末端表观消化率较FSM提高了3.74个百分点(P＜0.05).FSM的脯氨酸回肠末端真消化率相对于ESM和SM分别提高了9.06个百分点和9.86个百分点(P＜0.05).结果显示,芝麻粕发酵后可以提高芝麻粕能量、粗蛋白、磷和部分氨基酸的利用率.     

Chemical Composition of Pea Fibre Isolates and their Effect on the Endogenous Amino Acid Flow at the Ileum of the Pig

Pea starch, hulls and cotyledon inner fibres, isolated from pea seeds, were incorporated in N-free diets, on a NDF-content basis, in order to study their effect on the ileal endogenous amino acid (AA) excretion in the growing pig. Maize starch and wood cellulose were selected as references. The inner fibre-containing diet was also supplemented with enzymatically hydrolysed casein (EHC) in order to test the peptide alimentation method on a diet containing a fibre source with a high water-holding capacity (WHC=10·9 g water g⁻¹ DM). The fibres were also analysed by different methods (crude fibre, NDF, ADF, enzymatic–gravimetric method, Englyst method). The fibre content of the inner fibre fraction varied widely from one method to another and ranged from 109 g crude fibre to 480 g AOAC fibre kg⁻¹ DM. Compared to the ‘maize starch+wood cellulose’ diet (11·0 g AA excreted kg⁻¹ DM intake), pea starch had no effect on ileal AA losses (9·6 g), whereas pea hulls slightly increased them (14·2 g). The AA excretion dramatically increased with the incorporation of inner fibres (28·0 g), because of their very high WHC. The addition of EHC increased the output (48·0 g) further, at a level that can hardly be explained only by an increase of the endogenous secretions. The results suggest that the NDF content of grain legume products is not indicative of their effect on the ileal endogenous AA losses in pigs and that the physiological effects of fibres along the gastrointestinal tract are due to both their chemical and physical properties.