The use of bio-diesel based additive as rheology improver and pour point depressant of Nigerian waxy crude

The chemical method has proved to be the most effective mitigating method of wax deposition in petroleum system as it deals with the root cause of wax formation. Most of the commercial chemicals in the industry are very expensive and toxic. This paper aims the use of biodiesel based additives for improving the rheological behavior and pour points of waxy crude from Nigeria field. The biodiesels derived additives gave better performance than the commercial chemical and the seed oils as greatly improvement in rheology and pour point values of the waxy crude were observed     

仲胺衍生物柴油流动改进剂

考察了十八种胺衍生物改善高含蜡柴油低温流动性的作用规律。结果表明，仲胺衍生物主要是通过增溶柴油中的长链正构烷烃，使浊点、冷滤点降低，从而改善柴油低温性能。仲胺衍生物与T1804流动改进剂（乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯聚合物）复合可以改善蜡晶的分散性能，对降低柴油冷滤点有增效作用。     

降凝剂对高蜡稠油的改性效果及机理研究

实验研究了工业品原油降凝剂WHP改善含蜡56.9%、其中96.6%为正构烷烃的胜利郑王庄稠油流动性的效果。WHP含乙烯/醋酸乙烯/乙烯醇嵌段聚醚三元共聚物30%-35%。在60℃将WHP加入稠油中,测定其凝点和32℃、0-42.6 s^-1范围5个剪切速率下的黏度,均随WHP加量的增加（50-300 mg/L）而降低,200 mg/L为最佳加量,在该加量下0.32 s^-1黏度由34.16 Pa·s降至79.2 mPa·s,凝点（℃）、屈服值（Pa）、稠度系数（Pa·s^n）分别由49.0、32.42、31.57降至39.5、0.1297、0.02142,流型指数由0.1176升至0.9790。由黏温曲线求出,加入200mg/L WHP使该稠油析蜡点由65℃降至58℃,反常点由70℃降至50℃。根据空白和加剂原油扫描电镜照片显示的蜡晶形态,利用共晶机理分析讨论了WHP这种高分子表面活性剂的降凝、降黏、改善流动性的作用。图3表3参5。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成草酸二异戊酯的研究

以草酸和异戊醇为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,合成了新型柴油十六烷值改进剂草酸二异戊酯。考察了酸醇的物质的量比、反应时间、催化剂用量和带水剂用量等因素对酯收率的影响。结果表明:当反应温度为回流温度(85~100℃),n(草酸)∶n(异戊醇)=1∶3.5,催化剂用量为草酸质量的1.5%,带水剂用量为10mL/0.1 mol草酸,反应时间110~120 m in时,草酸二异戊酯的收率大于88%。与现有工艺相比,采用对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,具有反应温度低、反应时间短、带水剂的毒性较小、草酸二异戊酯的收率和纯度较高等优点。产物经红外光谱和气相色谱分析,证明确为草酸二异戊酯且纯度大于98%。     

柴油低温流动改进剂的分子结构与降滤性能的关系研究

利用定量构效关系(QSAR)研究方法,从反映柴油结晶过程能量变化的参数中,筛选出其中对低温流动改进剂(CFI)降滤性能影响最关键的能量参数E_(inter-CFI)和E_(ads-C18(111)),并构建了描述E_(inter-CFI)、E_(ads-C18(111))与CFI降滤性能关系的方程。用同样方法筛选了对E_(inter-CFI)和E_(ads-C18(111))影响最关键的CFI分子结构特征参数,并分别构建了CFI分子结构特征参数与E_(inter-CFI)和E_(ads-C18(111))的关系方程。通过对方程的分析,详细阐述了E_(inter-CFI)和E_(ads-C18(111))影响降滤性能的内在机制,并详述了CFI分子的关键结构因素对柴油中蜡晶的生长形貌可能产生的影响,以及这些影响与降滤性能之间的关系。     

Reduction of Friction by Functionalised Viscosity Index Improvers

A range of functionalised polymethacrylate copolymers have been synthesised with different functionalities, polymer architecture and molecular weight. It is shown that appropriately functionalised block copolymers give enhanced film thickness and greatly reduced friction under low entrainment speed conditions, even with polymer concentration as low as 1% wt. This behaviour almost certainly results from the formation of an adsorbed brush-like film of thickness ca 20 nm on each polar surface. These films provide a highly viscous inlet that promotes fluid entrainment and thus maintains a separating film down to very low entrainment speed. The adsorbed polymer films are also able to maintain separation in stationary contact conditions. Randomly distributed copolymers do not show this type of behaviour. The friction reduction observed is more effective in unidirectional, mixed sliding–rolling than in reciprocating, sliding conditions. However, it is found that functionalised polymers and conventional organic and molybdenum-based friction modifiers can be combined to provide effective friction reduction over the whole range of rubbing conditions.     

Co-adsorption behaviors of asphaltenes and different flow improvers and their impacts on the interfacial viscoelasticity

Commonly used flow improvers in oilfields, such as ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), poly(octadecyl acrylate) (POA), and polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) are proven to be effective to enhance the flowability of crude oil. However, the addition of these flow improvers may change the stability of the emulsion and make the crude oil treatment process challenging. In this research, the impacts of different flow improvers on the interfacial properties of the emulsions containing asphaltenes are systematically investigated. The co-adsorption behaviors of the flow improvers and asphaltenes are analyzed through dynamic interfacial tension (DIFT). The rheological properties of the interfacial layer after the adsorption are explored via dilational viscoelasticity. Significant difference is observed in the structural properties of the interface adsorbed by different flow improvers, which is attributed to different interactions between the flow improvers and asphaltenes. To investigate these interactions, conductivity, asphaltenes precipitation, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and contact angle experiments are conducted systematically. Results show that EVA and POA can alter the interfacial properties by changing the asphaltene dispersion state. The interaction between EVA and asphaltenes is stronger than that between POA and asphaltenes due to the difference in molecular structures. Unlike EVA and POA, the change of interfacial property with the addition of PMSQ is attributed to the partial adsorption of asphaltenes on PMSQ.     

羟丙基磷酸交联糯玉米淀粉的性质及其作为面条品质改良剂的研究

研究了羟丙基磷酸交联糯玉米淀粉的糊化特性、糊的透明度和冻融稳定性 ,并将其添加到普通面粉中制作面条 ,结果表明 ,它可显著改善面条的烹煮特性和感官品质     

PAE柴油降凝剂的合成及性能评价

合成了一定相对分子质量和粘度的聚甲丙烯酸高级酯（PAE）,并在实验室评价了PAE对几种0＃柴油的低温流动性能的改进效果。结果表明,PAE一般能降低柴油的冷滤点3－7℃;与其它柴油降凝剂相比,PAE对国内主要油区、主要炼厂的柴油都具有良好的感受性。     

乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物流动改进剂的溶液性质对大庆原油粘度的影响

考察了配制乙烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物（ＥＶＡ）流动改进剂时, 溶剂性质、溶液浓度以及温度对大庆原油降粘效果的影响, 发现以劣溶剂、高浓度及低温配制流动改进剂溶液时, 降粘效果较好。研究了ＥＶＡ 溶液的性质, 结果表明, ＥＶＡ 在溶液中的结晶能力随溶剂性质、溶液温度及浓度的改变而不同, 而ＥＶＡ在溶液中的结晶性能决定其作用效果。