Municipal solid waste conversion to energy

In recent years it has been recognised by an increasing number of nations that there is considerable energy potential within MSW. As a result many countries have established R,D& D programmes to examine methods of exploiting this potential. The IEA's MSW Conversion Activity was set up in 1986 to provide an infrastructure for sharing information and co-ordinating work in this area internationally. This Activity was extended in 1989 and currently a total of 9 nations participate in it.

To cope with the wide scope of the area (encompassing both biological and thermal processing of MSW) the Activity was divided into three subgroups or Expert Working Groups (EWGs). Each of these dealt with a distinct area of expertise:

1. •Downstream effects of source separation and screening of MSW

2. •Sampling and analytical protocols

3. •Landfill gas

In addition to these groups a central secretariat based at Harwell (UK) has provided guidance, established and administered databases of contacts and produced a series of national reports.

This paper describes the achievements of the Activity and discusses work proposed for the future.     

A thermochemical concept-based equation to estimate waste combustion enthalpy from elemental composition

Waste combustion is an interesting alternative for waste management and energy recovery. Knowledge of the waste higher heating value (HHV) is important for judging it’s worth as fuel. This work introduces a new equation, based on thermochemical concepts, to calculate HHV from elemental composition. This equation is expressed in terms of mass percentages on a dry basis of carbon (%C), hydrogen (%H), oxygen (%O), nitrogen (%N), and sulfur (%S); the HHV is computed in MJ/kg. The equation is as follows: HHV=(1−(%H₂O/100))(−0.3708(%C)−1.1124(%H)+0.1391(%O)−0.3178(%N)−0.1391(%S)). The thermochemical concept on which this expression is based involves a wide applicability. This equation neglects the inorganic carbon, hence it is not very adequate when there is a significant concentration of it. The predictions from this approach were contrasted against those proceeding from equations currently used in combustion technology, and also against bomb calorimeter data. The new equation is clearly competitive with respect to other formulations, and it can be very helpful for presenting a waste HHV value based on different derivation suppositions.     

垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气处理系统设计研究

文中结合垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气处理设计,介绍了干法烟气净化系统设计的主要技术要点及其效果,为垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气净化处理提供了设计的方向.     

糖蜜酒精废液处理技术

介绍了甘蔗制糖生产中国内外糖蜜酒精废液的处理方法，对不同处理技术的特点进行了分析，认为焚烧法既能彻底处理糖密酒精废液，又能把废液处理和资源回收相结合，并概述了国内外废液焚烧技术。     

焚烧法处理含酚废水

铸造粘结剂生产中排出的污水含酚浓度高达６％,ＣＯＤｃｒ浓度高达１７８５００ｍｇ／Ｌ,采用萃取、吸附等方法均能达标排放。采用焚烧法处理浓度高、水量小的含酚废水,焚烧尾气中的有害物远远低于《大气污染排放标准》,本文介绍了废水焚烧所需的条件及焚烧炉运行的技术参数。     

利用城市垃圾焚烧飞灰煅烧水泥熟料初探

针对垃圾焚烧飞灰化学组成上的特点,进行了利用垃圾焚烧飞灰烧制水泥熟料的探索研究,通过试验研究了其对水泥生料的易烧性、烧制的水泥熟料的力学性能和水化速率等的影响规律。研究结果表明,垃圾焚烧飞灰可以用作水泥原料从而有效地降低其处置成本,减少其对环境造成的二次污染,硬化水泥浆体水化28d时各重金属浸出量低于鉴别标准规定的指标,是一种有待开发的潜在的水泥原料资源。     

油剂废水的焚烧处理

化纤生产企业每天会产生一定量的油剂废水,由于油剂废水COD含量较高且含有大量不易生化处理的成分,进入公司污水处理站进行处理,不仅难度大,而且对污水站的稳定运行产生较大的冲击。废水高温焚烧是较为有效的处理方式。对原有导热油锅炉(煤炉)进行油剂废水焚烧装置改造,可以有效处理油剂废水,达到了既环保又节能的效果。     

Electrodialytic extraction of Cu,Pb and Cl from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash suspended in water

The possibility of using fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) in, for example, concrete is considered. MSWI fly ash, however, has too high a concentration of heavy metals, which may cause leaching problems during use or problems with waste handling at the end of the lifetime of the concrete. The Cl content in MSWI fly ash is also too high and will cause corrosion problems in reinforced concrete. The possibility of removing some of the unwanted heavy metals (Cu and Pb) together with Cl from an MSWI fly ash suspended in water using an electrodialytic separation method was investigated. The removal of Pb and Cu was found to be highly pH dependent and the highest contents removed were 41 and 90%, respectively. The Cu concentration of the ash decreased from 2200 to 860 mg kg^?1 but the Pb concentration increased from 8560 to 16 800 mg kg^?1, showing that Pb is mainly found in the ash fraction that is least soluble. Hence electrodialytic treatment of the ash suspended in water is not a solution to improve the ash quality in terms of Pb. The water‐soluble Cl content per unit weight of the original ash was 12.4%. The removal of water‐soluble Cl was efficient and >98% of Cl was removed (calculated on the basis of mean initial and final concentrations). This result indicates that electrodialytic extraction may be a method that can be used for the removal of Cl from ash prior to its utilization in concrete. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry