Perm-Inspired High-Performance Soy Protein Isolate and Chicken Feather Keratin-Based Wood Adhesive without External Crosslinker

Crosslinking modification can effectively improve the water resistance of soy protein isolate (SPI) adhesive, but it often depends on petroleum-based reagents, violating the concept of green environmental protection. Here, inspired by the breaking and recombination of the disulfide bond in the perm process, a high-performance wood adhesive is prepared by incorporation of SPI (modified by sodium sulfite to cleave the disulfide bonds of protein chains) and feather keratin (FK, extracted from waste chicken feathers by breaking the disulfide bond) without using any other crosslinkers. The crosslinking reaction occurs by disulfide bonds derived from the sulfhydryl group of FK and SPI. Thus the wet shear strength of the SPI/FK-20 adhesive is improved from 0.57 to 1.18 MPa, an increment of 107%. This study provides a green strategy to prepare high-performance protein-based adhesive from the waste products-chicken feathers, which will contribute to the development of the environmentally friendly wood adhesive industry.     

茯苓交配型的初步研究

以茯苓栽培种"大泡引"为研究材料,茯苓菌丝为无锁状联合的多核菌丝,担孢子中双核孢子占75 3%、单核孢子2 4%、无核孢子22 3%。30个单孢株进行单孢配对结果为拮抗现象(不亲和)占总数的26 7%。茯苓菌株具有单孢结实现象,占单孢株总数的18%。由以上结果可初步得出茯苓菌为同宗结合真菌。     

Microencapsulation of bioactive compounds from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extracts by protein–polysaccharide interactions

Mulberry leaf extracts were generated using four concentrations of ethanol (50%, 60%, 70%, and 95% v/v). A 60% ethanolic mulberry leaf extract (60E) yielded a high total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity using 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Coating materials were derived using a combination of soy protein isolates (SPI) and low methoxyl (LM) pectin in a 1:1 ratio. The effect of various parameters on microencapsulation, such as pH (3.5, 4.0, and 4.5) and the concentration of coating materials (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% w/v), was studied. Microcapsules produced using 60E as a core material at pH 4.0 with 7.5% of coating material showed a high encapsulation yield, encapsulation efficiency, TPC and antioxidant activity.     

Relationship between physicochemical and functional properties of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) protein isolates

Protein isolates from six amaranth lines/cultivars (APIs) were evaluated to study their physicochemical (hunter colour, protein content and zeta potential), structural (thermal and conformational) and functional (emulsification, foaming, water and fat absorption) properties. APIs had protein content, whiteness index and gel temperature in range of 79.4–85.4%, 41.17–54.26 and 87.8–91.8 °C, respectively. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectra of APIs revealed α‐helix, β‐sheets and random coil conformations in the secondary structure. APIs with higher relative proportion of β‐sheets had higher Differential Scanning Calorimeter denaturation temperature and gel temperature. Minimum protein solubility (PS) was observed at pH 5.0, indicating isoelectric point (pI) of amaranth proteins. The PS, emulsifying activity index (EAI), emulsifying stability index (ESI), foaming capacity (FC) and foam stability (FS) of APIs at neutral pH were related to their zeta potential (ζ). The emulsifying and foaming properties were also determined at different pHs (between 2.0 and 9.0). The EAI‐pH profile of APIs confirmed close relationship between the emulsifying ability and PS.     

大豆分离蛋白制备过程中热处理及干燥方式对其热聚集行为和凝胶性能的影响

该研究以低温脱脂豆粕为原料,采用“碱溶酸沉”法收集大豆蛋白沉淀,对其进行分散、热处理和喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥制备获得大豆分离蛋白（SPI）。通过观察该产品的热聚集行为及其所成热致凝胶机械性能,考察热处理和干燥方式对所得产品凝胶性能的影响。结果表明,热处理使制得大豆分离蛋白多以聚集体的形式存在,导致其溶解性（pH值7.0）分别从79.9%和69.8%下降至35.2%和42.0%。相对于经过热处理制得的大豆分离蛋白,未经过热处理制得的大豆分离蛋白其差示扫描量热仪分析图存在78℃和98℃吸热峰;其分散液再次经历热处理后,分散液中蛋白的体积分数约从30%下降至20%,展现出进一步聚集并形成有序结构的趋势;对于质量分数为16%的喷雾干燥大豆分离蛋白（SD-SPI）和冷冻干燥大豆分离蛋白（FD-SPI）样品分散液所制备的凝胶,其断裂应力分别为10.80 kPa和12.50 kPa,显著高于对应HSD-SPI（经热处理）凝胶的3.69 kPa和HFD-SPI（经热处理）的4.36 kPa,但后两者硬度高于前两者。另一方面,干燥方式没有对所得大豆分离蛋白的凝胶性质产生显著的影响。可见,大豆分离蛋白制备过程...     

大黄鱼卵分离蛋白的凝胶特性分析

本文以大黄鱼卵盐溶蛋白为原料,在85℃加热20 min后于室温下放置12 h制备大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶,并对其凝胶特性进行分析,同时探究了pH对大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶特性的影响.结果显示,大黄鱼卵分离蛋白成胶的最低浓度为100 mg/mL,且在pH8条件下的制备的大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶具有更好的流变特性.低场核磁和扫描电镜的...     

κ-卡拉胶影响大豆分离蛋白乳浊液稳定性的研究

研究了卡拉胶对大豆分离蛋白乳浊液粒度分布、乳析率和离心沉淀率的影响,在此基础上分析了静置过程中乳浊液粒径与乳析率、离心沉淀率之间相关性,结果表明:乳浊液粒径随卡拉胶浓度由小到大依次为0.03%<空白样<0.06%<0.09%;而体系的表观粘度随卡拉胶浓度的增大而升高;静置过程中乳浊液顶部粒径d3,2与乳析率有较好的相关性;乳浊液底部d3,2与离心沉淀率有很好的相关性。进一步分析了其可能的作用机理:卡拉胶低浓度时,卡拉胶分子被吸附到液滴的蛋白质正电荷区域,增加了液滴间的静电排斥,从而增加了体系的絮凝稳定性;随着卡拉胶浓度增大,卡拉胶会引起体系排斥絮凝。     

Modification of Soybean Protein Hydrolysates by Alcalase-Catalyzed Plastein Reaction and the ACE-Inhibitory Activity of the Modified Product In Vitro

Soybean protein hydrolysates were prepared by hydrolyzing soybean protein isolates with a protease alcalase to a degree of hydrolysis of 16.6%, and then modified by alcalase-catalyzed plastein reaction to reveal the impact of plastein reaction on the ACE-inhibitory activity of the modified product in vitro. The suitable conditions of plastein reaction of soybean protein hydrolysates were selected based on the results of response surface methodology with the decreased amount of the free amino groups of the modified product as response. When reaction temperature was fixed at 30°C, the selected conditions were as follows: concentration of soybean protein hydrolysates of 45% (w/w), addition level of alcalase of 275 U/g peptides, and reaction time of 3 to 4 h. Soybean protein hydrolysates and eight modified products were evaluated for their ACE-inhibitory activities in vitro. The assay results highlighted that plastein reaction improved the ACE-inhibitory activity of the modified product. The IC₅₀ of the modified products ranged from 0.64 to 1.11 mg/mL, while that of soybean protein hydrolysates was 1.45 mg/mL. The decreased amount of the free amino groups of the modified product showed influence on the ACE-inhibitory activity in vitro. Analysis results from size exclusion chromatography confirmed that some plasteins with higher molecular weights were formed in the modified product. Our results showed that alcalase-catalyzed plastein reaction could be applied as a potential approach to enhance the ACE-inhibitory activity of soybean protein hydrolysates in vitro.     

大豆低聚肽营养吸收特性的研究

研究了补充大豆低聚肽和大豆分离蛋白对大鼠氮代谢的影响,并探讨了大鼠小肠对大豆低聚肽的吸收特点。将雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为:灌喂水对照组、灌喂大豆低聚肽组和灌喂大豆分离蛋白组。大鼠在适应性喂养及膳食平衡1周后,开始进行代谢试验。结果发现,补充大豆分离蛋白后,大鼠氮平衡值、氮储存率、氮净利用率和表观消化率比补水大鼠分别增高641.03%、591.42%、553.11%和51.80%;而补充大豆低聚肽后,大鼠氮平衡值、氮储存率、氮利用率和表观消化率比补充水大鼠分别增高1061.54%、982.69%、921.20%和71.43%(P<0.05);比补充大豆分离蛋白大鼠分别增高56.75%、56.59%、56.36%和12.94%(P<0.05)。由此可得出结论,补充大豆低聚肽可显著提高机体对氮的表观消化率储存率和净氮利用率,并使机体处于较高水平的正氮平衡状态。     

Synthesis, characterization and degradation of biodegradable thermoplastic elastomers from poly(ester urethane)s and renewable soy protein isolate biopolymer

New biodegradable poly(ester urethane)/soy protein isolate (PEU/SPI) hybrids were prepared by in situ polymerization. The chemical incorporation of the SPI into the backbone chain of the PEU was facilitated by the reaction of the amine functional groups of SPI with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). X-ray diffraction results showed that the chemical incorporation of SPI into PEU significantly changed the molecular structure of the PEU. The PEU/SPI hybrids exhibited higher thermal decomposition temperature and significant increase in the modulus compared with that of pure PEU. Microscopic examination of the morphology of PEU/SPI hybrids confirmed very fine and homogeneous SPI dispersion in PEU. The hydrolytic degradation of the PEU in a phosphate buffer solution was accelerated by incorporation of SPI, which was confirmed by water absorption and scanning electron microscopy of the samples after up to 10 weeks immersion in the buffer solution. This study provides a facile and innovative method of controlling the biodegradation rate of pure PEU with the additional advantage of environmentally-benign biodegradation of the hybrid PEU/SPI polymer, making the concept potentially widely applicable.