甲基葡萄糖甙（MeG）水溶液工艺改进试验

介绍了用５次以上的母液生产ＭｅＧ水溶液工艺的改进试验。     

压力条件下淀粉合成甲基葡萄糖苷

以淀粉、甲醇为原料 ,以酸为催化剂 ,在压力条件下合成甲基葡萄糖苷 (简称甲苷 ) ,得出最佳催化剂是浓硫酸。通过正交实验 ,考察了糖醇比、反应压力、催化剂用量及反应时间对合成甲苷的影响 ,得到合成甲苷的最佳条件为n(淀粉 )∶n(甲醇 ) =1∶30 ,压力 0 5MPa ,催化剂用量为淀粉质量的 5 % ,反应时间 12 0min ,收率达 98 9%。     

Separation of kinetics and mass-transfer in a batch alkoxylation reaction

The quantitative aspects of the role of interfacial mass-transfer and reaction kinetics in ethoxylation of lauryl alcohol were examined in a batch recirculation reactor. The liquid droplets falling through a gas column were obtained by utilizing a recirculation loop and a set of spray nozzles. The CO₂/NaOH reaction was employed to characterize the interfacial area. The alkoxylation reaction was studied at temperatures between 124°C and 171°C, at catalyst levels between 0.09 and 0.50 weight percent and at ethylene oxide partial pressures between 68 kPa and 204 kPa. A model was developed which permits the prediction of reactor performance at various operating conditions. The mass-transfer during free fall dominates the interfacial mass-transfer and the contributions during the drop formation and coalescence stages are small. The rate of ethylene oxide (EO) addition to lauryl alcohol was constant during the batch run, indicating similar activity for the unreacted lauryl alcohol and the lauryl alcohol ethoxylated to varying extents. The rate of ethoxylation is first-order in both catalyst and ethylene oxide concentrations. The liquid-phase reaction kinetics and interfacial mass-transfer occur in series, with kinetics dominating the overall ethoxylation rate. As expected, an increasing role of mass transfer is observed at higher temperatures, and/or higher catalyst concentrations where the kinetic rate becomes significantly high. The intrinsic activation energy for the ethoxylation of lauryl alcohol is 55.2 kJ/mole.     

Feeding response of Ips paraconfusus to phloem and phloem metabolites of Heterobasidion annosum-inoculated ponderosa pine,Pinus ponderosa

In studies of feeding by the bark beetle, Ips paraconfusus, two pine stilbenes (pinosylvin and pinosylvin methyl ether), ferulic acid glucoside, and enantiomers of the four most common sugars present in ponderosa pine phloem (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and raffinose) did not stimulate or reduce male feeding when assayed on wet -cellulose with or without stimulatory phloem extractives present. When allowed to feed on wet -cellulose containing sequential extracts (hexane, methanol, and water) of ponderosa pine phloem, methanol and water extractives stimulated feeding, but hexane extractives did not. Males confined in wet -cellulose containing aqueous or organic extracts of culture broths derived from phloem tissue and containing the root pathogen, Heterobasidion annosum, ingested less substrate than beetles confined to control preparations. In an assay using logs from uninoculated ponderosa pines, the mean lengths of phloem in the digestive tracts increased as time spent feeding increased. Males confined to the phloem of basal logs cut from ponderosa pines artificially inoculated with H. annosum ingested significantly less phloem than beetles in logs cut from trees that were (combined) mock-inoculated or uninoculated and did not contain the pathogen. However, individual pathogen-containing treatments were not significantly different from uninoculated controls. It was concluded that altered feeding rates are not a major factor which may explain why diseased ponderosa pines are colonized by I. paraconfusus.     

水基Fe3O4磁流体的制备工艺研究

用共沉淀法制备Fe3O4磁流体,总结出用十二烷基磺酸钠与聚乙二醇作为表面活性剂制备水基磁流体的合适条件:(1)反应温度为室温或不高于35℃;(2)表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠的最佳用量为0.0030～0.0040 g/80 mL;(3)第一次包裹的最佳pH为9～10;(4)聚乙二醇作为第二次包裹的表面活剂时,体系最佳温度为40℃左右;(5)表面活性剂聚乙二醇的最佳用量为0.0050～0.0060 g/80 mL。通过实验制得了能稳定存在180 d的水基磁流体。并用透射电镜、红外光谱、分光光度计、古埃磁天平等进行了初步表征。     

固体超强酸催化合成烷基磷酸酯

以月桂醇和磷酸为原料,采用固体超强酸催化制备烷基磷酸酯。探讨了催化剂用量、原料配比、反应时间和温度等因素对产品收率的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:n(醇)∶n(酸)=2∶1,反应时间4 h,反应温度120℃,以甲苯共沸带水,催化剂用量为总物料质量的0.4%。     

Emulsification properties of polyesters and sucrose ester blends II: Alkyl glycoside polyesters

Surface active properties such as surface and interfacial tension reductions and stability of oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions by alkyl glycoside fatty acid polyesters, a potential fat substitute, and emulsifier blends of alkyl glycoside polyesters and Ryoto sugar esters were investigated. Our results indicate that blending of lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifying agents produces a synergistic effect on reduction of surface and interfacial tensions and may, in some cases, result in more stable emulsions. Alkyl glycoside polyesters may be suitable for w/o emulsions, such as margarine and butter, and their blends with hydrophilic emulsifiers will produce reduced calorie emulsifiers suitable for use in o/w emulsions, such as salad dressing. There appears to be great potential for using such emulsifier blends in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.     

老鹳草化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

研究老鹳草(Geranium wilfordii Maxim.)全草的化学成分.采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析,结合重结晶等方法分离纯品化合物,并通过化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其化学结构.在原来分离的基础上又分离鉴定了4个化合物,分别为琥珀酸(7)、山奈酚(8)、胡萝卜苷(9)、山奈酚-3,7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(10),其中化合物7,9,10为首次从该种植物中分离得到,为太白山老鹳草的进一步开发利用提供依据.     

固体超强酸催化合成苯乙酸月桂醇酯

以固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2为催化剂,以苯乙酸和月桂醇为原料,直接合成苯乙酸月桂醇酯,研究探讨了原料摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺条件对苯乙酸月桂醇酯收率的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比3.0∶1,催化剂用量5%,反应时间3h,酯化率可达90.8%。     

硼酸双甘油葡萄糖苷月桂酸酯的合成及性能研究

以甘油葡萄糖苷、硼酸为原料,以对甲苯磺酸做催化剂,与月桂酸经酯化反应合成硼酸双甘油葡萄糖苷月桂酸酯表面活性剂,并采用红外光谱仪、核磁共振谱仪表征产物结构.实验结果表明:硼酸双甘油葡萄糖苷酯作为中间体与月桂酸进行反应,以用量为反应物总质量0.5%的对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,用30 mL的乙腈作为溶剂,在80℃下反应150 min,得到目标产物;其表面活性剂的表面张力为36.0 mN/m(20℃),临界胶束浓度为1.16×10-2 mol/L,并显示出良好的乳化性能.