The role of occlusion in the perception of depth, lightness, and opacity.

A theory is presented that explains how the visual system infers the lightness, opacity, and depth of surfaces from stereoscopic images. It is shown that the polarity and magnitude of image contrast play distinct roles in surface perception, which can be captured by 2 principles of perceptual inference. First, a contrast depth asymmetry principle articulates how the visual system computes the ordinal depth and lightness relationships from the polarity of local, binocularly matched image contrast. Second, a global transmittance anchoring principle expresses how variations in contrast magnitudes are used to infer the presence of transparent surfaces. It is argued that these principles provide a unified explanation of how the visual system computes the 3-D surface structure of opaque and transparent surfaces. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Neural architecture for robotic vision sensor that discounts uneven illumination in a manufacturing environment

Computer vision algorithms for inspection or pick-and-place operations often depend on spatially uniform illumination of a workplace. This necessitates expensive lighting fixtures. To discount effects of uneven illumination we designed and tested a neural network that can adaptively control light sensitivity at the photosensor level. Our neural network architecture consists of multiple layers with hexagonally arranged nodes. All nodes have partially overlapping receptive fields of different spatial frequencies. Feedforward connections are excitatory while feedback pathways subserve lateral inhibition. The outputs of these nodes are combined so as to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio while constantly resetting thresholds to maintain high sensitivity. Our connectionist architecture can account for many characteristics attributed to the lightness constancy phenomenon observed in biological systems. The results suggest that our module maintains high sensitivity over the whole domain of intensities without interfering with transmission of visual information embedded in spatial discontinuities of intensity.     

Complexity of the color appearance of objects with nonuniform illumination

An inversion relationship is clarified between lightness and brightness, and also between chroma and colorfulness under nonuniform illumination with different illuminance levels (high and low) within the same visual field. Brightness (or colorfulness) of object color with low lightness (or chroma) under high illuminance level is perceived higher than that of another object color with high lightness (or chroma) under low illuminance level. Two color images are given for showing the inversion phenomena on brightness–lightness and colorfulness–chroma between object colors under different illuminance levels. These color images are useful for making researchers on color understand the differences in concept between brightness and lightness, and also between colorfulness and chroma. In particular, the concept of colorfulness is important, but difficult to understand. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 372–377, 2007     

基于色度坐标高斯混合模型的步态检测

针对传统的基于RGB通道的高斯混合模型低对比度像素点检测效果较差的问题,提出一种基于色度坐标的高斯混合模型,使之更好地用于步态检测。该算法将RGB色彩值转换到色度坐标上,以强调色彩对比度,提高低对比度像素点的检测率,并增加亮度信息以减小阴影的影响,在前景提取部分,加入噪声抑制机制。实验结果表明,改进后的算法在相同对比度下,误检测率最多可减小一半。     

Modeling lightness perception—a response to Kuehni

We agree with the main point of Rolf Kuehni's letter; time is ripe to improve the standard lightness metric L*. We discuss items he raised: scientific literature supporting both log and power laws of lightness, the relation of math theory and curve fitting, crispening, different models of lightness for different situations, and “who cares?” © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 105–106, 2014     

A neurophysiologically‐based analysis of lightness and brightness perception

Psychophysical, achromatic luminance threshold, and scaling data have been analyzed and found to follow from nonlinear, hyperbolic responses of retinal cones. For short (0.1 s) stimulus duration, a stable state of visual adaptation could explain the threshold response, but for longer durations a change of adaptation had to be considered. This resulted in a contrast sensitivity that increased when the stimulus duration increased and became constant for higher test field luminances. Threshold and scaling data can thus be traced back to cone‐specific responses over a much larger range of stimulus intensity than has been anticipated earlier. The experimental results, including those for lightness and brightness scaling, have been compared with the CIELAB and the CIEDE2000 color formulas. The idea of combining cone responses with adaptive changes to describe luminance responses resulted in a common cone‐based response formula for describing both luminance thresholds and scaling data. Adaptive changes explain the reason why both Weber–Fechner and Stevens’ laws are valid. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 339–351, 2016     

基于视觉特性的真实影像再现技术进展及展望

视觉特性研究的成果,融入到真实影像再现技术,可提供更适于人类观察的高品质图像,有利于机器视觉的研究。首先简单总结当前主要的视觉特性研究成果,包括视觉空间对抗、光谱对抗、视觉适应、视觉皮层初级处理等。综述了基于视觉特性的真实影像再现技术的研究动态和新进展,并根据算法的侧重点不同,分析了以保持颜色恒定性为主要目标的Retinex系列算法、各种动态范围压缩算法等。其中也涉及到已开展的部分工作,从原理分析、实验效果对比等角度,对研究成果与国外优秀算法做出评价。介绍了国外在软/硬件平台实现上的最新研究成果。简述进一步开展的工作及研究方向,并就其发展方向做出展望。     

半户外液晶显示用高亮直下式LED背光设计

开发了一款用于半户外液晶显示的117cm(46in)直下式背光结构,采用中功率、高显色指数的LED光源,在不使用发散透镜的情况下,使得光源阵列的混光距离在25mm以内,中心亮度可达到20 000cd/m2以上。通过对LED阵列的光学以及驱动和散热设计,实现了一种具有高亮度、高显色画质、散热好、低成本的直下式背光源的方案设计,为户外和半户外液晶展示屏应用提供了支持。     

Effects of plating factors on morphology and appearance of electrogalvanized steel sheets

Because the lightness, the gloss and the press-formability of electrogalvanized steel sheets change depending on the morphology of deposited Zn, control of this factor is essential to improving these properties. The effects of plating factors on the morphology of deposited Zn were systematically discussed both from the crystallographic viewpoint of epitaxy between Zn and steel and from the electrochemical viewpoint of the overpotential for Zn deposition. Plating factors include crystal orientation of steel substrate, current density, flow rate, temperature, addition of inorganic compounds to the solution and pre-adsorption of organic compounds. These plating factors affect the overpotential for Zn deposition and epitaxy between Zn and steel. The crystal orientation index of the Zn basal plane and the platelet crystal size of Zn are decreased with increasing the overpotential for Zn deposition. They are also decreased with decreasing the epitaxy between Zn and steel, even when the overpotential is kept constant. When the overpotential for Zn deposition is increased, the surface roughness of deposited Zn increases because of an increase in the inclination of the Zn basal plane to the steel substrate. When the epitaxy between Zn and steel is decreased without changing the overpotential, the surface roughness is reduced due to the decrease in platelet crystal size of Zn, although the inclination of the Zn basal plane is somewhat increased. The lightness of deposited Zn is enhanced with decreasing the surface roughness of Zn.