谈有机膨胀剂的使用

作者认为关于木素磺酸钠的低温起动性能优于腐植酸的看法比较片面,文中详细地分析比较了普遍采用的这两种添加剂的优缺点,并认为腐植酸与木素磺酸钠按一定比例混合使用的方法可以提高电池的充放电性能。     

新型复合有机膨胀剂的应用

通过对腐殖酸和木素磺酸盐进行复合试验,确定了其复合比例为1∶1～3。经过蓄电池测试验证,这一复合比例提高了蓄电池的-18℃冷起动性能。     

烯丙基磺酸钠/马来酸酐/木质素磺酸钠接枝共聚物的合成及性能评价

采用木质素磺酸钠、马来酸酐、烯丙基磺酸钠为原料,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,合成了接枝改性木质素磺酸钠(SML)水煤浆分散剂。工艺条件为反应温度75℃、反应时间4.5h、w((NH4)2S2O8)=4%、烯丙基磺酸钠和马来酸酐的单体用量分别为15%和20%。对其结构进行了表征并观察了其外观形貌的变化,产物水煤浆性能测试表明:SML溶液对煤粉具有更好的润湿性能,所制浆体颗粒间的静电斥力有明显改善,相同条件下,SML为分散剂制得的水煤浆具有更好的静态稳定性以及流变性能。     

木质素磺酸钠对3.5%NaCl溶液中AZ31镁合金的缓蚀作用

采用失重法,极化曲线,电化学阻抗谱和扫描电子显微镜研究木质素磺酸钠(SLS)在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中对AZ31镁合金的缓蚀作用。结果表明:在298 K时SLS可有效抑制AZ31在Na Cl介质中的腐蚀。当SLS为4.0 g·L~(-1)时,缓蚀率可达到最大。提高浓度后,其缓蚀率会下降。SLS是阴极型缓蚀剂,并且SLS在AZ31表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型。由吸附自由能?G~0及Arrhenius活化能E_a可知,SLS在AZ31镁合金表面是化学吸附。     

掺木钙-碳酸氢钠的粉煤灰水泥水化放热的研究

通过水化热,SEM,DTA等测试方法研究了木质素磺酸钙(CL)-碳酸氢钠(SB)复合外加剂对粉煤灰水泥水化放热的影响及机理。实验表明并非所有的掺木质素磺酸盐一碱金属碳酸盐复合外加剂的水泥水化放热曲线都出现双诱导期,双诱导期的出现与外加剂的掺量有关。     

Replacement of bentonite in hematite ore pelletisation using a combination of sodium lignosulphonate and copper smelting slag

Bentonite is the most common binder used in iron ore pelletisation owing to its good bonding properties in green and dry pellets at both ambient and elevated temperatures. However, due to its high alumina and silica content, it increases the slag volume and energy consumption in downstream processes. Organic binders may be used to replace bentonite; however, they fail to provide strength at a high temperature (700–900°C) due to poor thermal stability during pellet induration. In the present study, an organic binder Na lignosulphonate (NLS) has been used along with copper smelting slag (Cu-SS). FeO in Cu-SS provides diffusion bonding at high temperature and maintains the strength of pellets even after evaporation/burning of NLS. It also enhances recrystallisation bonding at relatively lower temperature to provide good strength. The study has been carried out with hematite ore and varying amounts of NLS and Cu-SS. Copper smelting slag (1.0%) addition with 0.5%NLS has been found to be optimum to provide very good green properties and ～300?kg/pellet cold crushing strength (CCS) at 1250°C induration temperature. However, hematite pellets of similar basicity with 0.5% bentonite requires higher induration temperature (1300°C) to achieve a similar CCS. The developed pellet also shows better reducibility (80%), similar reduction degradation index (18%) and swelling index (10%) to the usual bentonite pellet. Thus, the induration temperature of hematite pellet has been lowered by 50°C using a combination of NLS and Cu-SS eliminating bentonite completely, which can provide a considerable energy and cost saving.     

木质素磺酸钠型缓蚀阻垢剂M-04的制备与评价

在水溶液中,以木质素磺酸钠（SL）和二乙烯三胺五亚甲基膦酸（DTPMPA）为原料,与葡萄糖酸锌（C12H22O14Zn）和已溶于乙醇的甲基苯骈三氮唑（TTA）复配,制备了木质素磺酸钠型缓蚀阻垢剂M-04。选取药剂质量分数、主原料配比、乙醇/TTA乙醇溶液、反应时间、反应温度为因素,通过正交实验,确立了最佳复配条件。结果表明,ρ(M-04)=50 mg/L时,阻CaCO3垢率达到了84.83%,分散氧化铁透光率为63.4%,阻垢分散性能良好。ρ(M-04)=70 mg/L时,缓蚀率为65.7%;预膜后仅需10 mg/L,可达到同等缓蚀水平。     

利用紫外分光光度法优化麦草碱木素磺化工艺

利用紫外分光光度法测定麦草碱木素磺化反应过程的吸光度变化来优化磺化反应的工艺。以傅里叶红外光谱确定在实验条件下发生了磺化反应,并生成了木素磺酸盐产物。在实验涉及的反应温度范围内,碱木素在介质中的溶解度很小,用280nm处的紫外吸光度来检测木素的溶出,发现未磺化木素的吸光值基本不变,而随着木素的磺化反应进行,溶液的吸光值增加,证实紫外分光光度法对磺化过程表征具有可行性。以紫外分光光度法为表征手段,主要考察了碱木素磺化反应的主要因素,包括反应温度、保温时间、磺化剂浓度和pH。实验结果表明,碱木素直接磺化的较佳反应条件为:反应温度125℃、保温时间3h、Na2SO3为30%(相对于碱木素绝干质量的百分比)、pH4.0。     

木质素磺酸钠在TiO2/水界面的吸附特性

木质素磺酸钠在固体表面的吸附特性决定了其应用性能,利用红外和紫外分光光度仪,采用剩余质量分数法研究了温度、pH值、无机盐和氢键破坏剂脲对木质素磺酸钠在TiO₂/水界面吸附动力学和等温吸附性能的影响,初步探讨了其在固液界面的吸附作用机理。结果表明,该吸附为单层多点式吸附,随着温度升高和pH值减小,木质素磺酸钠在TiO₂/水界面的吸附速率常数和饱和吸附量均增大,而离子强度的增大和脲的加入却使吸附速率常数减小;木质素磺酸钠在TiO₂/水界面的吸附驱动力为静电、疏水和氢键作用,疏水作用力可显著增加其吸附量。     

Effect of temperature,oxygen partial pressure and calcium lignosulphonate on chalcopyrite dissolution in sulfuric acid solution

The pressure leaching mechanism of chalcopyrite was studied by both leaching tests and in-situ electrochemical measurements. The effects of leaching temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and calcium lignosulphonate, on copper extraction and iron extraction of chalcopyrite pressure leaching were investigated. The leaching rate is accelerated by increasing the leaching temperature from 120 to 150 °C and increasing oxygen partial pressure to 0.7 MPa. The release of iron is faster than that of copper due to the formation of iron-depleted sulfides. Under the optimal leaching conditions without calcium lignosulphonate, the copper and iron extraction rates are 79% and 81%, respectively. The leaching process is mixedly controlled by surface reaction and product layer diffusion with an activation energy of 36.61 kJ/mol. Calcium lignosulphonate can effectively remove the sulfur passive layer, and the activation energy is 45.59 kJ/mol, suggesting that the leaching process with calcium lignosulphonate is controlled by surface chemical reactions. Elemental sulfur is the main leaching product, which is mixed with iron-depleted sulfides and leads to the passivation of chalcopyrite. Electrochemical studies suggest that increasing the oxygen partial pressure leads to increasing the cathodic reaction rate and weakening the passivation of chalcopyrite.