天喔“枇杷叶花”饮品的研制及其品质特点

以枇杷叶花为主要原料,制作枇杷叶花饮品.介绍了产品生产工艺及操作规程,并检测了产品质量.     

季也蒙毕赤酵母Y35-1菌株对枇杷采后炭疽病的抑菌效果及保鲜作用

利用从原生态枇杷果实上分离筛选并鉴定的、能显著抑制炭疽病的季也蒙毕赤酵母Y35-1菌株,研究其抑菌抗腐效果,并将其制成液体和固体型菌剂在枇杷贮藏保鲜方面应用。结果表明：拮抗酵母Y35-1菌株能够有效抑制枇杷炭疽病胶孢炭疽菌孢子的萌发,能够在病原菌菌丝上寄生而抑制菌丝的正常生长,不接触对峙培养实验显示Y35-1菌株能够有效抑制病原菌菌丝的扩展和生长。保鲜应用表明：酵母Y35-1液体和活性冻干粉菌剂均能明显抑制枇杷果实贮藏期间的病害腐烂发生率,贮藏至第20天时,两处理组果实腐烂指数分别仅为2.25%和3.60%;且这两种生防菌剂对枇杷的硬度、质量损失率、可溶性固形物、果皮细胞膜透性、总糖含量、总酸含量、VC含量均起到了一定的维持作用。Y35-1酵母液体菌剂在4?℃条件下、活性冻干粉菌剂在－20?℃条件下最适宜存放,且海藻糖对Y35-1酵母贮藏期间生活力和生防效力起到了保护作用。研究结果显示Y35-1菌株对采后枇杷胶孢炭疽菌有明显的抑菌作用,液体和固体剂型的生防制剂均对采后枇杷具有抑腐保鲜效果。     

亚临界水提取枇杷叶中熊果酸的工艺优化

研究了亚临界水萃取过程中萃取温度、萃取时间、溶剂流速、系统压力等因素对枇杷叶中熊果酸提取率的影响,并对提取液进行HPLC分析确定熊果酸的含量.结果表明,最优工艺条件:提取温度200℃、时间75min、泵的频率50Hz、压力10MPa,提取率达到70.28％.与传统加热回流和超声辅助提取法进行比较,在不使用有机溶剂的前提下,不仅缩短了萃取时间,同时提高了熊果酸的提取率,证实了亚临界水萃取方法具有高效节能的优点,并为亚临界水萃取方法用于熊果酸的工业化生产奠定了基础.     

MeJA处理对枇杷果实采后抗氧化活性的影响

为了探讨MeJA处理对枇杷果实抗氧化能力的影响,研究了10μmol/L MeJA处理的"大红袍"枇杷果实在1℃贮藏过程中维生素C、总酚、总黄酮、总类胡萝卜素含量及抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明,枇杷果实在贮藏过程中维生素C和总黄酮含量下降,而总酚和总类胡萝卜素含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。10μmol/L MeJA处理可显著抑制果实中维生素C和总黄酮含量的下降,促进贮藏前期总酚和总类胡萝卜素含量的上升。在1℃贮藏过程中,枇杷果实DPPH和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力随着贮藏时间的延长呈先上升后下降趋势,并且抗氧化活性的变化与总酚和总类胡萝卜素含量的变化呈显著正相关,而与维生素C和总黄酮含量的变化相关性较低。这表明MeJA是通过影响枇杷果实中酚类和类胡萝卜素物质的代谢来维持枇杷果实采后较高的抗氧化能力和营养价值。     

高光谱图像技术检测枇杷叶片三萜酸含量及叶面分布

枇杷叶富含三萜酸类化合物,具有较高的药用价值。本研究首先建立枇杷叶高光谱信号与三萜酸含量的对应关系,然后利用高光谱图像包含每个像素点的光谱信号这一独特优势,检测枇杷叶片的三萜酸分布。通过联合区间偏最小二乘法(si PLS)建立三萜酸含量分析模型,结果表明,采用si PLS将全光谱均匀划分11个子区间,选择1、5、6、7联合,主因子数为4 h,建立的si PLS谱区筛选模型预测效果最佳,其交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为3.392 mg/g和3.731 mg/g,校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.8449和0.8223。根据si PLS模型计算叶片上所有像素点处的三萜酸含量,并通过伪彩色方法描述叶片中三萜酸含量的分布。研究结果表明,利用高光谱图像技术分析枇杷叶片三萜酸含量及叶面分布是可行的。     

Effect of methyl jasmonate on quality and antioxidant activity of postharvest loquat fruit

BACKGOUND: Loquat fruit is rich in natural antioxidants and has shown a remarkably high antioxidant activity. To search for an effective method for maintaining or even improving antioxidant activity during postharvest storage, we investigated the effect of 10 µmol L^?1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on levels of major individual sugars and organic acids, total phenolics, total carotenoids, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity in loquat fruit during storage at 1 °C for 35 days. RESULTS: The MeJA‐treated fruit exhibited significantly lower levels of respiration rate, ethylene production, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities, and higher levels of sugars, organic acids, total phenolics and total flavonoids than control fruit. Meanwhile, the treatment also maintained significantly higher antioxidant activity as measured by the scavenging capacity against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and by the reducing power test compared to the control. There was a significant positive linear relationship between total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. CONCLUSION: MeJA treatment can improve the quality and functional properties of harvested loquat fruit by maintaining a higher level of antioxidants and enhancing antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene on anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and disease resistance in loquat fruit

BACKGOUND: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit are susceptible to fungal decay during postharvest storage at ambient temperature. The control of postharvest diseases of loquat is based primarily on the use of synthetic fungicides. To look for an alternative method for disease control, we investigated the effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) on controlling anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum of loquat fruit. RESULTS: 1‐MCP treatment significantly reduced decay incidence of loquat fruit. The treatment markedly inhibited accumulation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide and maintained higher superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Meanwhile, 1‐MCP treatment induced higher activities of two defense‐related enzymes—chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase—during 6 days' storage. Furthermore, the treatment inhibited increases in fruit firmness and internal browning index, and maintained higher extractable juice rate, total soluble solids and titratable acidity contents, thereby delaying the development of senescence. CONCLUSION: 1‐MCP was effective in reducing decay and might have enhanced the disease resistance in loquat fruit by increasing chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase, and maintained natural resistance by delaying senescence development. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

超声波辅助提取枇杷叶中的熊果酸的工艺研究

为了充分利用枇杷中的熊果酸,以枇杷叶为原料,以熊果酸提取率为指标,采用超声波辅助提取了枇杷叶中的熊果酸。分别研究了乙醇浓度、料液比、超声波时间和超声波温度对熊果酸提取的影响,通过正交实验优化了提取工艺。结果表明,熊果酸提取的最佳工艺条件是：乙醇浓度为85％、料液比为1：12、超声波时间为25min、超声波温度为45℃,在最佳条件下,熊果酸提取率可达1．131％。     

Control of anthracnose rot and quality deterioration in loquat fruit with methyl jasmonate

BACKGROUND: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit has a short shelf‐life, mainly due to fungal decay. Current control of postharvest disease of the fruit is mainly dependent on fungicides. However, because of the increasing consumer concern over food safety, there is an urgent need to search for effective alternatives to control disease. The objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in controlling anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and maintaining quality of loquat fruit. RESULTS: Loquat fruit were treated with 10 µmol L^?1 MeJA and wound inoculated with C. acutatum spore suspension of 1.0 × 10⁵ spores mL^?1 24 h after treatment, and then stored at 20 °C for 6 days. The percentage of infected wounds showing decay symptom was reduced from 54.4% to 16.7% and the lesion diameter was reduced from 7.26 mm to 4.00 mm by MeJA treatment on the 4th day after inoculation. MeJA treatment induced higher activities of two defense‐related enzymes—chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase—during 6 days storage. Meanwhile, the treatment inhibited increases in fruit firmness and internal browning index, and maintained higher extractable juice rate and total soluble solids and titratable acidity contents, thereby delaying the development of flesh leatheriness. CONCLUSION: MeJA treatment effectively inhibited anthracnose rot and maintained quality in loquat fruit. Inhibition of the disease was mainly because of resistance induced in loquat fruit by MeJA. A postharvest application of MeJA could be an alternative to chemical fungicides for control of postharvest disease in loquat fruit. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry