全文获取类型
收费全文 | 48843篇 |
免费 | 3565篇 |
国内免费 | 1365篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 1103篇 |
综合类 | 1337篇 |
化学工业 | 14020篇 |
金属工艺 | 5256篇 |
机械仪表 | 1729篇 |
建筑科学 | 1042篇 |
矿业工程 | 306篇 |
能源动力 | 3638篇 |
轻工业 | 3515篇 |
水利工程 | 126篇 |
石油天然气 | 360篇 |
武器工业 | 135篇 |
无线电 | 5386篇 |
一般工业技术 | 11292篇 |
冶金工业 | 966篇 |
原子能技术 | 634篇 |
自动化技术 | 2928篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 119篇 |
2023年 | 1029篇 |
2022年 | 3101篇 |
2021年 | 3270篇 |
2020年 | 1606篇 |
2019年 | 1349篇 |
2018年 | 1235篇 |
2017年 | 1466篇 |
2016年 | 1867篇 |
2015年 | 2467篇 |
2014年 | 2931篇 |
2013年 | 2993篇 |
2012年 | 2767篇 |
2011年 | 4446篇 |
2010年 | 3315篇 |
2009年 | 3136篇 |
2008年 | 2627篇 |
2007年 | 2428篇 |
2006年 | 1754篇 |
2005年 | 1651篇 |
2004年 | 1538篇 |
2003年 | 1531篇 |
2002年 | 1386篇 |
2001年 | 655篇 |
2000年 | 493篇 |
1999年 | 449篇 |
1998年 | 404篇 |
1997年 | 317篇 |
1996年 | 235篇 |
1995年 | 172篇 |
1994年 | 158篇 |
1993年 | 101篇 |
1992年 | 98篇 |
1991年 | 82篇 |
1990年 | 72篇 |
1989年 | 66篇 |
1988年 | 48篇 |
1987年 | 42篇 |
1986年 | 42篇 |
1985年 | 47篇 |
1984年 | 40篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 26篇 |
1981年 | 37篇 |
1980年 | 85篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1951年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
High-purity mullite ceramics, promising engineering ceramics for high-temperature applications, were fabricated using transient liquid phase sintering to improve their high-temperature mechanical properties. Small amounts of ultrafine alumina or silica powders were uniformly mixed with the mullite precursor depending on the silica-alumina ratio of the resulting ceramics to allow for the formation of a transient liquid phase during sintering, thus, enhancing densification at the early stage of sintering and mullite formation by the reaction between additional alumina and the residual glassy phase (mullitization) at the final stage of sintering. The addition of alumina powder to the silica-rich mullite precursor resulted in a reaction between the glassy silica and alumina phases during sintering, thereby forming a mullite phase without inhibiting densification. The addition of fine silica powder to the mullite single-phase precursor led to densification with an abnormal grain growth of mullite, whereas some of the added silica remained as a glassy phase after sintering. The resulting mullite ceramics prepared using different powder compositions showed different sintering behaviors, depending on the amount of alumina added. Upon selecting an optimum process and the amount of alumina to be added, the pure mullite ceramics obtained via transient liquid phase sintering exhibited high density (approximately 99%) and excellent high-temperature flexural strength (approximately 320 MPa) at 1500 °C in air. These results clearly demonstrate that pure mullite ceramics fabricated via transient liquid phase sintering with compositions close to those of stoichiometric mullite could be a promising process for the fabrication of high-temperature structural ceramics used in an ambient atmosphere. The transient liquid phase sintering process proposed in this study could be a powerful processing tool that allows for the preparation of superior high-temperature structural ceramics used in the ambient processing atmosphere. 相似文献
2.
Ji Hye Yang Sae Kwang Ku IL Je Cho Je Hyeon Lee Chang-Su Na Sung Hwan Ki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
Hepatic fibrosis occurs when liver tissue becomes scarred from repetitive liver injury and inflammatory responses; it can progress to cirrhosis and eventually to hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, we reported that neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOs), produced by the hydrolysis of agar by β-agarases, have hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen overdose-induced acute liver injury. However, the effect of NAOs on chronic liver injury, including hepatic fibrosis, has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we examined whether NAOs protect against fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. NAOs ameliorated PAI-1, α-SMA, CTGF and fibronectin protein expression and decreased mRNA levels of fibrogenic genes in TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells. Furthermore, downstream of TGF-β, the Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by NAOs in LX-2 cells. Treatment with NAOs diminished the severity of hepatic injury, as evidenced by reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis mouse models. Moreover, NAOs markedly blocked histopathological changes and collagen accumulation, as shown by H&E and Sirius red staining, respectively. Finally, NAOs antagonized the CCl4-induced upregulation of the protein and mRNA levels of fibrogenic genes in the liver. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NAOs may be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of chronic liver injury via inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(11):15207-15217
SCAPS solar cell simulation program was applied to model an inverted structure of perovskite solar cells using Cu-doped Ni1-xO thin films as hole transport layer. The Cu-doped Ni1-xO film were made by co-sputtering deposition under different deposition conditions. By increasing the amount of the Cu-dopant, the film crystallinity enhanced whereas the bandgap energy decreased. The transmittance of the thin films decreased significantly by increasing the sputtering power of copper. High quality, uniform, compact, and pin-hole free films with low surface roughness were achieved. The structural, chemical, surface morphology, optical, electrical, and electronic properties of the Cu doped Ni1-xO films were used as input parameters in the simulation of Pb-based (MAPbI3-xClx) and Pb-free (MAGeI3) perovskite solar cells. Simulation results showed that the performance of both Pb-based and Pb-free perovskite solar cell devices significantly enhanced with Cu-doped Ni1-xO film. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the Pb-free perovskite solar cell is 8.9% which is lower than the highest PCE of 17.5% for the Pb-based perovskite solar cell. 相似文献
6.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(90):38114-38123
High-temperature water electrolysis through solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) will play a key role in building a hydrogen economy in the future. However, the delamination between the air electrode and the electrolyte remains a critical issue to be addressed. Previously, it was hypothesized that Co migration may improve the catalytic activity of the SrZrO3 second phase at the LSCF-YSZ interface, eventually leading to the delamination. In this work, the LSCF-YSZ interfaces sintered at different temperatures were examined in detail. The activation behaviors of the LSCF electrodes upon application with electrolysis current were characterized under different conditions. Further, samples containing purposely added SrZrO3 interlayer with and without cobalt were fabricated and compared. The activation process is less significant for the sample with cobalt-added SrZrO3 interlayer than the sample with pure SrZrO3 layer, supporting the hypothesis that Co migration may lead to the activation behavior. 相似文献
7.
Shanshan Zhuang Wenxiong Zheng Yunong Na Naiyi Chen Fan Gong Bingxuan Huang Stephen Brennan Charles Congyi Liu Jian Cheng Lukai Ma Huifan Liu 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2022,57(2):1093-1103
The β-Carotene (BC), an important precursor of vitamin A (VA), possesses antioxidant activity but is fat-soluble and has low bioavailability. In previous in-vitro assays evaluating antioxidant and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) free radical scavenging, both BC and VA showed a strong ability to scavenge radicals and protected cells from oxidative stress. Here, we used artificially simulated gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2 cell absorption models to evaluate the bioavailability of the BC during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. We observed high absorptive and transfer rates of BC and detected retinol metabolites (Vitamin A). Therefore, BC can be detected in the acidic gastrointestinal environment using HPLC. Optimised method provided better separation of BC and VA in the column, improving the accuracy of the test results. 相似文献
8.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(15):21483-21491
To battle the high open-circuit voltage deficit (VOC,def) in kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4 or CZTS) solar cells, a current field of research relates to point defect engineering by cation substitution. For example, by partly replacing Cu with an element of a larger ionic radius, such as Ag, the degree of Cu/Zn disorder decreases, and likewise does the associated band tailing. In this paper, solution-processed (Ag1-xCux)2ZnSnS4 (ACZTS) samples are prepared through the aprotic molecular ink approach using DMSO as the solvent. The successful incorporation of silver into the CZTS lattice is demonstrated with relatively high silver concentrations, namely Ag/(Ag+Cu) ratios of 13% and 26%. The best device was made with 13% Ag/(Ag+Cu) and had an efficiency of 4.9%. The samples are compared to the pure CZTS sample in terms of microstructure, phase distribution, photoluminescence, and device performance. In the XRD patterns, a decrease in the lattice parameter c/a ratio is observed for ACZTS, as well as significant peak splitting with Ag addition for several of the characteristic kesterite XRD reflections. In addition to the improvement in efficiency, other advantageous effects of Ag-incorporation include enhanced grain growth and an increased band gap. A too high concentration of Ag leads to the formation of secondary phases such as SnS and Ag2S as detected by XRD. 相似文献
9.
10.
The number of clinical trials evaluating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and biomaterials efficacy in regenerative plastic surgery has exponentially increased during the last ten years. AD-MSCs are easily accessible from various fat depots and show intrinsic plasticity in giving rise to cell types involved in wound healing and angiogenesis. AD-MSCs have been used in the treatment of soft tissue defects and chronic wounds, employed in conjunction with a fat grafting technique or with dermal substitute scaffolds and platelet-rich plasma. In this systematic review, an overview of the current knowledge on this topic has been provided, based on existing studies and the authors’ experience. A multistep search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PreMEDLINE, Ebase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinicaltrials.gov, Scopus database, and Cochrane databases has been performed to identify papers on AD-MSCs, PRP, and biomaterials used in soft tissue defects and chronic wounds. Of the 2136 articles initially identified, 422 articles focusing on regenerative strategies in wound healing were selected and, consequently, only 278 articles apparently related to AD-MSC, PRP, and biomaterials were initially assessed for eligibility. Of these, 85 articles were excluded as pre-clinical, experimental, and in vitro studies. For the above-mentioned reasons, 193 articles were selected; of this amount, 121 letters, expert opinions, commentary, and editorials were removed. The remaining 72 articles, strictly regarding the use of AD-MSCs, PRP, and biomaterials in chronic skin wounds and soft tissue defects, were analyzed. The studies included had to match predetermined criteria according to the patients, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) approach. The information analyzed highlights the safety and efficacy of AD-MSCs, PRP, and biomaterials on soft tissue defects and chronic wounds, without major side effects. 相似文献