滚揉和腌制液成分对肉块类西式火腿质构的影响

研究了滚揉时间、腌制液中食盐浓度和三聚磷酸钠(STPP)浓度3因素对肉块类西式火腿的质构影响。采用冷鲜的猪里脊肉为原料,每个因素3个水平,按照L27(313)考虑交互作用的正交实验设计,进行滚揉和腌制液的配制,并制作肉块类西式火腿。利用质构仪测定火腿的硬度和弹性。滚揉时间、腌制液中食盐浓度、三聚磷酸钠浓度以及他们的交互作用对火腿的硬度影响显著(p<0.05),增加滚揉时间不能显著提高火腿的弹性,反而增加电能的消耗,食盐浓度和滚揉时间的交互作用对产品弹性的影响显著(p<0.05),并且其交互效益大于食盐浓度和三聚磷酸钠的单独效益。当滚揉时间8h,腌制液中食盐浓度10%,STPP浓度2.0%时硬度品质最优。当滚揉时间4h,腌制液中食盐浓度8%,STPP2.0%时弹性品质最优。     

The Antimicrobial Effect of Spice‐Based Marinades against Campylobacter jejuni on Contaminated Fresh Broiler Wings

The antimicrobial effect of spice‐based marinades against Campylobacter jejuni on inoculated fresh broiler wings was investigated. Experiments were carried out with 1 strain of C. jejuni and 6 marinades. Four experimental marinades were composed for the study and contained spices (thyme, rosemary, basil, marjoram, and so on) and different combination of bioactive compounds. Two marinades were commercial and contained spices (black pepper, sweet red pepper, and so on) and chemical additives (monosodium glutamate, sodium diacetate, calcium lactate), 1 commercial marinade was also enriched with bioactive compounds (linalool, cinnamaldehyde, lactic acid). Total aerobic bacterial count was examined to estimate the possible effect of tested marinades on the shelf‐life of marinated broiler wings. Study revealed that thyme‐based marinade was the most effective against C. jejuni on broiler wings and reduced the numbers of campylobacters by 1.04 log colony forming unit (CFU)/g (P ≤ 0.05) during storage for 168 h at 4 °C temperature. Moreover, it was more effective against C. jejuni than commercial marinade with 0.47 log CFU/g (P ≤ 0.05) reduction effect. Both experimental and commercial marinades had very similar effect on the total aerobic bacterial count. Although experimental and commercial marinades had different effect on pH of broiler wings, this parameter did not show a major impact on the antimicrobial effect of tested marinades (P ≥ 0.05). Our study shows that experimental natural thyme‐based marinade can reduce numbers of C. jejuni more effectively than tested commercial marinades.     

Dried plum products as a substitute for phosphate in chicken marinade

In order to address the growing demand for more natural poultry products, alkaline phosphates commonly used in chicken breast meat marinades were replaced with plum ingredients and evaluated. For initial sensory evaluation, 200 consumers of chicken were served a small portion of the chicken breast on a plate and were asked to evaluate the product for overall impression, flavor, and texture on a 9-point hedonic scale with 1 = "dislike extremely" and 9 = "like extremely." Also, a 5-point just-about-right (JAR) scale was used on questions about tenderness, juiciness, overall flavor, and saltiness. Both hedonic and JAR demonstrated that the marinades of plum concentrate and the blend of plum fiber and powder were not distinguishable from the control (P > 0.05). Using two different percentages of fiber/powder blend, two different percentages of concentrate, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), and no marinade, measurements were made for marinade per cent pickup, thaw loss, and cook loss. Plum concentrate at 1.1% was most similar to STPP in marinade per cent pickup, thaw loss, drip loss, and cook loss. These results show that plum ingredients can potentially be used as a substitute in standard phosphate marinades. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Consumers are increasingly demanding more natural foods with less artificial additives. This research presents the results of experiments using dried plum ingredients as a substitute for phosphates commonly used in marinades for chicken. Results indicate that dried plum ingredients may be a suitable substitute for phosphates in marinades.     

炸鸡工艺及其配料的研究

中式炸鸡工艺远较美国肯德基的家乡炸鸡工艺复杂而丰富,但长期以来缺少最起码的基本科研资料。对中式炸鸡的加工工艺进行改进和标准化,对配料中各辅助材料的作用原理进行了系统化的阐述,有助于炸鸡加工技术的提高,同时有助于炸鸡工业化进程的加快,为“三农”经济的发展提供强有力的支持。     

Effects of fibre type and kefir, wine lemon, and pineapple marinades on texture and sensory properties of wild boar and deer longissimus muscle

Fibre type percentage and changes in textural parameters, sensory properties as well as mean fibre cross sectional area (CSA), fibre shape, endomysium and perimysium thickness of wild boar and deer longissimus (L) muscle subjected to ageing with kefir, dry red wine, lemon and pineapple juice marinades for 4days were studied. Among the non-marinated and non-aged samples of muscles it was found that wild boar meat with its higher percentage of red fibres, higher CSA, thicker connective tissue as compared with deer meat, was harder, more springy and stringy. Muscles ageing, regardless of methods, resulted in a decrease in both the CSA and thickness of the connective tissue, and improve in fibre shape. As a consequence ageing caused a reduction in hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and stringiness as well as in augmentation of tenderness, juiciness and general attractiveness of the muscles studied. As demonstrated by obtained data, regardless of ageing methods, deer L muscle contained more white fibres compared to wild boar muscle, were more susceptible to tenderization. The highest structural and textural changes, but the worst general attractiveness was found in muscles marinated with pineapple juice addition. Insignificantly lower changes in both quality traits were found in muscles aged with kefir marinade which at the same time were characterized by the high tenderness, the highest juiciness and general attractiveness.     

灰培豆腐的研制

以豆腐和草木灰为主要原料,经过灰培、卤制和炒制等工艺制备灰培豆腐,通过单因素和正交实验确定灰培豆腐的最佳配方工艺.结果表明,灰培豆腐的最佳配方工艺为:灰培时间6 d,每1000 mL高汤中添加盐2.2％、辣椒粉0.6％、酱油2％、白糖1％、黑胡椒0.04％、味精0.5％、五香粉0.2％,制备的灰培豆腐呈浅酱色、质地柔软...     

调理猪排制品滚揉腌制工艺的优化

以猪背最长肌为原料,开发一种调理猪排制品,并先后采用单因素和L9(34)正交实验,以出品率和剪切力值为考察指标,对该调理猪排滚揉腌制工艺进行优化。结果表明:调理猪排制品的最佳滚揉腌制工艺条件为滚揉时间8h、滚揉机转速11r/min和腌制液添加量35%,采用该最佳滚揉腌制工艺条件生产加工的调理猪排出品率最高(83.57%),剪切力值最低(12.46N)。     

滚揉和腌制液对西式火腿品质的影响

介绍西式火腿的特点和基本加工工艺,以及滚揉和腌制液在西式火腿加工中的作用目的和原理。分别阐述滚揉和腌制液对西式火腿的蒸煮产量、质构、嫩度等加工特性以及感官品质的影响。讨论目前我国西式火腿生产过程中滚揉参数以及腌制液配比优化问题。