The determination of the shelf-life of pasteurized and non-pasteurized sardine (Sardina pilchardus) marinades stored at 4 °C

In this study the shelf‐life of sardine marinades was investigated. After the marination process, sardine fillets were packed into glass jars with 2% citric acid, 4% sodium chloride and spices. The effect of pasteurization at 70 °C for 20 min on the shelf‐life of the sardine marinades was determined. At the end of 6 months storage the differences between thiobarbituric acid, free formaldehyde (FA(ex)), free and bound formaldehyde (FA(dest)) and peroxide value of pasteurized and non‐pasteurizated marinades were not significantly (P > 0.05) different, while the difference between total volatile basic nitrogen, trimethylamine, pH, total plate count and lactic acid bacteria count of pasteurized and non‐pasteurized marinades were. The shelf‐life of both pasteurized and non‐pasteurized sardine marinades was found to be 5 months at 4 °C.     

Sodium Chloride and Tripolyphosphate Effects on Physical and Quality Characteristics of Injected Pork Loins

Whole, boneless pork loins were needle-injected to a final concentration of up to 1.5% NaCl and/or 0.45% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) in a 4 × 4 factorial, randomized, complete block design. Percent weight gain, internal meat pH, purge loss, final product yield, cook loss, Warner-Bratzler shear, expressible moisture, and total moisture were determined. Response surface methodology was employed to create regression models and identify optimum ingredient parameters for each characteristic. NaCl and STPP improved weight gain, purge, final product yield, and moisture content. Predicted Warner-Bratzler shear was reduced approximately 50%. A salt-phosphate interaction was observed for weight gain, purge, cook loss, and expressible moisture.     

Changes in physical and sensory characteristics of marinated broiler drumsticks, treated with nisin and lactoperoxidase system

The lactoperoxidase system (LPS) and nisin have been shown to inactivate some micro‐organisms in foods. However, further studies were needed to evaluate whether these treatments had any influence on the physical and sensory characteristics of broiler drumsticks. In this study, a solution that contained 1% acetic acid and 3% salt with pH adjusted to 4 was developed as a standard marinade. The LPS consisted of 1‐μg mL^?1 lactoperoxidase, 5.9‐mm potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), and 2.5‐mm H₂O₂ was added to the marinade, followed by nisin at 100 IU mL^?1. The results showed that the physical characteristics, including raw and cooked drumstick pH, percentage incorporation of marinade solution, cooking loss, skin and muscle L*, a*, b* values, and sensory characteristics, including skin and muscle sensory colour, aroma and flavour, off aroma, off flavour, juiciness and tenderness of the broiler drumsticks, treated with 100‐IU mL^?1 nisin and LPS were not impaired.     

酱卤肉制品关键加工技术研究进展

酱卤肉制品是深受我国居民喜爱的一种传统肉制品,在从作坊式生产到工业化生产的转变过程中,通过持续的技术改进,产品品质得到不断提高。本文围绕酱卤肉制品3 个主要的加工环节：腌制、卤制和杀菌,对酱卤肉制品的加工技术进行总结。目前,腌制技术主要有滚揉腌制、注射腌制、高压腌制、超声波辅助腌制等;卤制技术主要有老汤卤制技术和定量卤制技术;杀菌技术主要有热力杀菌、微波杀菌、超高压杀菌、高压电场杀菌、超声波杀菌、辐照杀菌等。这些技术,特别是新技术在改善肉制品等食品品质方面具有良好的效果,使用这些技术将有助于提高酱卤肉制品质量,更好适应消费市场的需求。     

滚揉腌制条件对猪肉加工特性的影响

研究了滚揉时间和食盐浓度,滚揉时间和焦磷酸盐（PP）浓度以及PP、三聚磷酸盐（TPP）、六偏磷酸盐（HMP）和滚揉时间对肉块腌制液吸收保留和蒸煮得率的影响。以猪里脊肉为研究材料,垂直于肌纤维方向切成2cm肉块和腌制液混合滚揉腌制,研究不同处理条件下,腌制液吸收百分比、腌制液吸收率、腌制液保留量、腌制液保留百分比及蒸煮得率的变化情况。试验结果表明,随着滚揉时间、食盐浓度和PP浓度增加,腌制液吸收百分比逐渐增加,分别达到了38．7％和38．2％,但腌制液吸收率在滚揉2h内是较大的,随着滚揉时间的延长逐渐减小。不同磷酸盐都提高了腌制液的吸收百分比和腌制液保留量,它们对腌制液吸收百分比和保留量的影响效益顺序是：PP〉TPP〉HMP。除了空白处理组外,随着滚揉时间、食盐浓度和PP浓度的增加,蒸煮得率逐渐增加,分别达到了94．6％和113．5％。不同磷酸盐都提高了滚揉腌制肉块的蒸煮得率,它们对蒸煮得率的影响效益顺序是PP〉TPP〉HMP。随着滚揉时间的延长,蒸煮得率分别达到了106．7％、102．5％、88．2％。     

不同加水量腌制酱牛肉中挥发性风味物质变化

以不同加水量（0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%）滚揉腌制并经过高温杀菌制备的酱牛肉为研究对象,采用吹扫捕集-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用分析挥发性风味物质的变化情况,并结合丙二醛含量、气味活度值分析及感官评价研究不同样品中挥发性风味物质。结果表明：6 组样品中醛类、醚类、酮类、醇类、烃类物质含量较高,随加水量逐渐增加其含量基本呈相对降低趋势,但N4组（加水量20%）中总物质含量最高,为2 325.65 μg/kg。不同样品中气味活度值分析发现醛类物质、酮类物质、含硫化合物对产品风味贡献较大,加水量10%样品中糠基硫醇、芳樟醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮气味活度值最高,结合感官评价发现加水量10%组酱牛肉风味最好。     

玉米方便面生产中的原料处理

研究玉米方便面生产过程中原料玉米的浸泡对后期操作及成品质量的影响,确定最佳工艺参数,结果表明,控制25～30℃浸泡温度、48h浸泡时间并添加亚硫酸调节浸泡液使SO2含量为0.2%,即pH值在4.5～6,所处理的玉米原料最适合后期工艺操作。