Shelf Life of Minimally Processed Honeydew, Kiwifruit, Papaya, Pineapple and Cantaloupe

This study was to determine the shelf life of minimally processed honeydew melon, kiwifruit, papaya, pineapple, and cantaloupe stored at 4°C. Sensory assessments were carried out at 3-day intervals by highly trained panels until the end of shelf life. Microbiological counts were made immediately after dicing fruit and at the end of shelf life. Results indicated that both the length of shelf life and type of spoilage were related to fruit species. Minimally processed fruit had longer shelf life at 4°than at temperatures recommended for whole fruit when these were greater than 4°C. Spoilage of 4°C-stored kiwifruit, papaya and pineapple pieces was not a consequence of microbial growth.     

Purification and Characterization of an Endoprotease from Melon Fruit

An endoprotease was purified from melon fruit (Cucumis melo L.) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography using t-butyloxycarbonyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu p-nitroanilide as a substrate. The molecular weight was estimated as 26,000 and isoelectric point pH 9.5. It preferentially hydrolyzed peptide bonds of the carboxyl terminal sides of Leu, Ala, His, Gin, and Am. Activity was strongly inhibited by diisopropyl phosphofluoridate, indicating the serine protease nature of the enzyme. The migration distance on electrophoresis, molecular weight and substrate specificity differed from cucumisin, a known protease from melon. This unusual protease may have potential for special food treatment applications.     

Age-related response of male melon fliesDacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) to cue-lure

Laboratory-reared and wild adults of the melon fly,Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, were tested for response to cue-lure at various ages. Virgin laboratory (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days old) and wild (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 days old) flies were released into outdoor field cages and trapped from 0800 until 1600 hr. Response of males to cue-lure increased with age and corresponded with sexual maturity for each strain. Females of both strains were relatively nonresponsive to cue-lure. Failure to eradicate in past male annihilation programs againstD. cucurbitae may be explained in part by the fact that only older males, which may have already mated with gravid females, respond to cue-lure.     

采前水杨酸处理对哈密瓜果实防御酶的诱导

采用1.0、2.0、3.0 mmol/L水杨酸分别在"蜜农9号"哈密瓜开花前1周、幼果期(花后2周)、果实迅速膨大期(花后3周)和网纹形成期(花后4周)对植株进行4次喷洒.依次在幼果期、膨大期、网纹形成期和成熟期进行取样.分析不同浓度水杨酸处理后果实体内3种防御性酶活性的变化.结果表明:采前1.0、2.0、3.0 mmol/L水杨酸处理均能有效地提高哈密瓜果实中过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,尤其以2.0 mmol/L水杨酸处理酶活性增加最为显著.     

Chinese melon (Momordica charantia L.) seed: Composition and potential use

Chinese melon (Momordica charantia L.), also known as bitter gourd, is a tropical crop, grown throughout Asian countries for use as food and medicinals. In 1993, four cultivars of Chinese melon were grown in Mississippi and the seeds were collected. Oil contents of the seeds ranged from 41 to 45% and the oils contained 63–68% eleostearic acid and 22–27% stearic acid. Industrially important tung oil, a “fast-drying oil” used in paints and varnishes, contains 90% eleostearic and 2–3% stearic acid. The ratio of stearic to eleostearic in Chinese melon seed oil is ten times greater than that in tung oil. The higher ratio should reduce the rate of drying and crosslinking and could be advantageous in the paint industry. The defatted meals contained 52–61% protein and would be a good source of methionine.     

基于高通量测序技术分析不同原料海南酸瓜细菌多样性及食品安全风险

目的 探究海南传统酸瓜的细菌群落结构,为发酵酸瓜的品质提升和食品安全防控提供理论基础。方法 收集3种海南地区常见原料(小西瓜、哈密瓜、葫芦瓜)腌制的传统酸瓜,利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术解析其细菌多样性,并比较其差异,并对潜在的可利用微生物资源和引发食品安全风险的条件致病菌进行分析。结果 不同原料发酵的酸瓜具有不同的细菌群落,3种海南酸瓜中优势细菌主要有乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、片球菌属(Pediococcus),其中乳杆菌属相对丰度占90%以上;同时,由哈密瓜制作的酸瓜中检测到了条件致病菌大肠-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)和克罗诺属(Cronobacter),存在一定的食用安全风险。结论 海南酸瓜中蕴藏着丰富的乳酸菌菌群资源,为传统发酵食品产业资源发掘利用提供一定的理论基础和科学支撑,对影响食用安全的肠杆菌科等的防控也是发酵食品加工制作、储存销售过程中需要加强监管的一个重要方面。     

适宜臭氧处理对甜瓜采后品质的影响

以甜瓜西州密25号为实验对象,在温度6~8℃,RH80~85%条件下对甜瓜进行适宜的臭氧处理,通过臭氧发生器按照适宜的臭氧浓度和间隔处理时间在50 L的塑料桶中进行密封40 min处理,每次处理结束后去盖贮藏。研究甜瓜在42 d贮藏期中通过适宜臭氧处理观察其相关品质指标的动态变化,以及适宜臭氧处理对链格孢和镰刀菌的抑菌影响。实验表明:适宜臭氧处理(浓度4.28mg/cm~3、间隔时间24 h)后的甜瓜糖度和硬度平均每天仅下降0.07、0.03%,臭氧对其下降起到了明显的延缓作用,同时降低了42%的失重率,对镰刀菌和链格孢起到很强的抑菌作用且对链格孢有更好的抑菌效果,平均每天仅增长4.04 mm;适宜的臭氧处理对甜瓜采后低温贮藏品质有较好的保持作用,延长了贮藏期。本文为甜瓜采后低温贮藏保鲜提供了一定的理论基础。     

苦瓜系列产品的研制

苦瓜具有良好的食用和药用价值,但由于其带有明显的苦味,而不容易被消费者所接受。采用新鲜苦瓜为原料,通过控制苦瓜成熟度及采用酶处理、调配、热烫等加工方法,解决了苦瓜明显苦味所带来的口感缺陷,保持了苦瓜特有的清香,研制出多种风味独特的苦瓜系列产品。     

Wild melon: a novel non-edible feedstock for bioenergy

In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis(wild melon) was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% of total dry seed weight. The free fatty acid value of the oil was found to be 0.64%, and the single-step alkaline transesterification method was used for conversion of fatty acids into their respective methyl esters. The maximum conversion efficiency of fatty acids was obtained at 0.4 wt% Na OH(used as catalyst), 30%(methanol to oil, v/v) methanol amount, 60 ℃ reaction temperature,600-rpm agitation rate and 60-min reaction time. Under these optimal conditions, the conversion efficiency of fatty acid was 92%. However, in the case of KOH as catalyst, the highest conversion(85%) of fatty acids was obtained at 40%methanol to oil ratio, 1.28 wt% KOH, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 45 min of reaction time.Qualitatively, biodiesel was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy(GC–MS). FTIR results demonstrated a strong peak at 1742 cm~(-1), showing carbonyl groups(C=O)of methyl esters. However, GC–MS results showed the presence of twelve methyl esters comprised of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, non-decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecynoic acid. The fuel properties were found to fall within the range recommended by the international biodiesel standard, i.e., American Society of Testing Materials(ASTM): flash point of 91 ℃, density of 0.873 kg/L, viscosity of 5.35 c St, pour point of-13 ℃, cloud point of-10 ℃, total acid number of 0.242 mg KOH/g and sulfur content of 0.0043 wt%. The present work concluded the potential of wild melon seed oil as excellent non-edible source of bioenergy.     

几种特色瓜的腌制技术(上)

为增加腌制瓜的品种,该文介绍了4种腌制瓜的腌制方法。蒜泥乳瓜是将乳黄瓜用白矾、石灰浸洗后,经腌制、压卤、加蒜泥拌匀后入缸加蜜酒和香醋浸渍而成,呈深绿色,质地脆嫩,香甜可口,有酯香和蒜香,风味独特。香酸甜香瓜是将香瓜洗净后,经腌渍、起缸、烫漂、曝晒、糖醋渍和翻缸等工序制成的,色泽黄亮、香气扑鼻、酸甜清脆。豆豉酱片瓜是将青皮小菜瓜去籽后,经腌制、去卤、加豆豉酱制等工序制成,呈红褐色、有光泽,口味鲜美、脆嫩,具有豆豉香气。糟稍瓜是将稍瓜洗净后,经刺眼、擦盐、曝晒、入缸糟渍、起缸沥卤、加配抖入坛糟涪和威熟等工序制戍的．呈橙黄龟、半透明状。口感鲜甜香脆。