显微⁃傅里叶变换红外光谱鉴别分析微塑料

利用显微?傅里叶变换红外光谱技术分析鉴别了不同粒径及不同种类的微塑料（粒径小于5 mm的塑料、纤维或橡胶碎片）,系统阐述了反射、透射、衰减全反射3种测量模式及其微区成像技术在微塑料鉴别分析中的优缺点。基于显微?傅里叶变换红外光谱衰减全反射技术,分析了北京景观水样中的微塑料,结果表明该方法简单、准确、可靠。     

水环境中微塑料去除技术的研究进展

水体微塑料污染范围广、污染程度深、潜在危害大,已引起较多研究人员的关注。目前,关于水体微塑料的去除技术已有大量研究,但尚缺乏全方面的综述报道。介绍了水体微塑料的污染现状,重点归纳阐述了水体微塑料的去除技术。常见的水体微塑料去除方法主要包括生物法、物化法(高级氧化法、絮凝沉降法)、物理法(格栅截留法、高级过滤法)和协同去除法。其中,絮凝沉降法、过滤法和协同去除法对水体微塑料的去除效率较高。最后,针对实际水体微塑料稳定性较强、难以彻底去除的问题,对未来研究方向提出发展建议,认为高级氧化技术发展潜力大,各种技术对微塑料去除机理需重点探究,以优化技术方案,为我国微塑料污染水体的安全治理提供新方法和新途径。     

水体中微塑料的环境影响行为研究进展

微塑料是指一类广泛存在于环境中的粒径小于5mm的塑料颗粒的总称,当其存在于水体环境中,容易吸附其他污染物,影响它们的迁移行为,进而对生态效应产生影响。本文依据水体环境中微塑料的相关研究报道,对微塑料在水环境中的影响行为进行概述。主要从微塑料的物理、化学和生物特性在环境中的变化特性,微塑料与环境中其他污染物质的相互作用关系,以及微塑料及其复合污染体系对水生生物造成的生态效应影响等3个方面对微塑料的环境行为进行总结、归纳与阐述。最后,针对微塑料对水环境中的环境影响效应,提出了今后的研究方向与展望。     

纳米纤维素气凝胶构建及其过滤聚苯乙烯微塑料性能研究

以漂白桉木浆为原料,分别通过2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物（TEMPO）和2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵（EPTMAC）对其化学改性,并借助高压均质处理得到改性纤维素纳米纤丝（CNF）,最后采用冷冻干燥法制备得到改性CNF气凝胶。研究了聚苯乙烯微塑料（PSMPs）种类和浓度对改性CNF气凝胶过滤性能的影响。结果表明,EPTMAC改性气凝胶（QCNF）对羧基化聚苯乙烯（PS-COOH）的过滤效率为99%;TEMPO氧化改性气凝胶（TCNF）对氨基化聚苯乙烯（PS-NH₂）的过滤效率为75%。改性CNF气凝胶对PSMPs的过滤性能得益于材料本身的超亲水性、独特的三维多孔结构和表面丰富的活性结合位点。此外,QCNF气凝胶经过8次循环过滤后,QCNF气凝胶对PS-COOH的过滤效率始终保持在99%以上,过滤通量稳定且超过20.2 L/（m²·h）,具有良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。     

食品中微塑料污染现状及防治对策

文章总结了近10年来食品中微塑料污染的研究进展,梳理了国内外微塑料污染防治的政策法规,并在此基础上对中国食品中微塑料污染防治提出了对策建议：结合三级预防理论,从源头严防、传播严管、末端严控3个环节对中国食品中微塑料污染进行有效防治。     

PET微塑料对污泥和厨余垃圾共消化的影响

探索了中温条件下不同粒径聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）微塑料（30 μm和250 μm）在0、0.45、1.44、2.88 mg/g总固体（TS）的添加量下,对剩余污泥和厨余垃圾厌氧共消化过程中每日甲烷产量、累计甲烷产量、溶解性化学需氧量、氨氮、挥发性脂肪酸以及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,PET微塑料会抑制甲烷产量、增加氨抑制、酸抑制风险。在微塑料投加量为2.88 mg/g TS时,累计甲烷产量分别下降了54.49 %（30 μm） 和 49.58 %（250 μm）。微生物结果表明：添加微塑料后细菌的多样性增加,古菌的多样性降低。在共消化过程,微塑料抑制了产酸菌Prevotella、 Proteiniphilum的丰度,同时也抑制了产甲烷菌Methanosaeta的丰度,减弱乙酸产甲烷的途径。相关性分析表明,微塑料的粒径与Euryarchaetota呈显著正相关（r=0.945、p<0.01）。微塑料粒径越小,对产甲烷菌丰度抑制越明显,与其他细菌相比,产甲烷菌对微塑料更为敏感。     

Microplastics in soils: a review of possible sources,analytical methods and ecological impacts

Microplastics are emerging persistent pollutants that have been extensively detected in aqueous environments. Yet, scientists have little knowledge of microplastic pollution in soils. This study reviewed over 60 articles, with the following objectives: (i) to discuss sources and the global distribution of microplastics in soils; (ii) to evaluate current extraction techniques and analytical methods for microplastics in soils; and (iii) to comprehensively assess their adverse impacts on soils and soil organisms. Moreover, this review highlights the lack of research into microplastic contamination in soils as a significant knowledge gap. Research into the fate, sources and analytical techniques of soil microplastics and the interactions between soil organisms, soils and microplastics is essential in order to underpin management decisions aimed at safeguarding the ecological integrity of our soils. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

Experimental investigation on gasification characteristics of polycarbonate (PC) microplastics in supercritical water

In order to solve the problem of marine microplastics and realize the harmless resource utilization of plastics, the gasification experiments of polycarbonate (PC) microplastics were carried out in supercritical water and a novel seawater gasification of microplastic experiment was investigated. In this paper, the effects of different operating conditions (temperature, time, feedstock concentration, pressure) on gasification performance were discussed. The gasification kinetic of microplastics in supercritical water was calculated. The experimental results showed that the increase in gasification temperature and time enhanced the cracking reaction and free radical reaction of the microplastics to increase the gasification efficiency, while the reduction in feedstock concentration improved the gasification efficiency by increasing the gasification level of unit feedstock. The change in pressure had no significant effect on gasification due to the fact that the properties of the supercritical water were not significantly changed. It was found that the valuable results that all alkali metal salts in seawater promote hydrogen conversion, while in terms of carbon conversion, only KCl, CaCl₂, NaHCO₃ and seawater had a significant catalytic effect on the gasification. Seawater gasification of microplastics was a potential resource utilization method. Finally, it was considered that the PC plastic gasification conformed to the random nucleation and subsequent growth model (n = 3), and the reaction activation energy was 230.45 kJ/mol, which was smaller than that of traditional pyrolysis.     

纺织品微塑料危害控制技术发展研究

我国废弃化纤纺织品具有储量大、再生率低等特点,当前总储量超过2亿t,年增长量近千万吨。化纤纺织品未被收集就丢弃在环境中,在自然环境下破碎,转化为细小的塑料碎片,甚至微塑料。微塑料对环境的影响难以估计,而废弃化纤纺织品可以说是“海洋微塑料污染”的首要来源。从化纤纺织品出发,减少化纤纺织品在生产、使用、清洗以及后处理等环节中微塑料的生成量,以可再生能源为原料,大力开发生物基化学纤维和生物可降解纤维,尽可能实现多次再生循环。在未来发展中,可采取构建完整循环再生利用体系、推进纤维加工技术升级创新、深入研究纺织品污染机理等方法,为防治纺织品微塑料危害提供一定的基础。