不同营养方式对普通小球藻生长特性和细胞组成的影响

采用自养、异养和混合培养3种营养方式对普通小球藻进行了培养,分析了3种培养方式下小球藻的生长曲线、比生长速率和产率、培养基中pH和葡萄糖的变化,测定了藻细胞的光合色素、蛋白质和油脂含量及其产率。结果表明:混合营养条件下小球藻的比生长速率为自养的4.25～4.43倍、异养的0.78～1.00倍,产率为自养的5.79～6.27倍、异养的1.11～1.31倍;混合营养条件下,单位体积小球藻培养液中总叶绿素、蛋白质和油脂的产率分别为3.62 mg/(L·d)、53.41 mg/(L·d)和44.65 mg/(L·d),均高于自养和异养培养。研究认为,混合营养方式更加符合微藻生长的实际环境,是高密度、高含量活性物质培养微藻的理想方式,具有潜在的应用价值。     

Modification, calibration and verification of the IWA River Water Quality Model to simulate a pilot-scale high rate algal pond

We implemented the IWA River Water Quality Model No. 1 (Reichert et al., 2001. River Water Quality Model No. 1, IWA Scientific & Technical Report No. 12) to simulate water-quality characteristics in two pilot-scale High Rate Algal Ponds. Simulation results were compared with two years' of data from the ponds. The first year's data from one pond were used for model calibration; the remaining data were used for validation. As originally formulated and parameterized, the model consistently yielded summer-time algal biomass concentrations which were too low - with consequent failures in its reproduction of dissolved oxygen, pH and nutrient dynamics. We experimented with various structural/parametric changes to improve the model's performance. The most effective strategy was to greatly increase the respiratory losses suffered by the heterotrophic osmotrophs (thereby giving the algae access to a larger fraction of the incoming dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen). This suggests that CO₂-bubbling alone cannot entirely preclude resource-limitation of algal production. We doubt that our parameterization of heterotrophic osmotrophs is correct and infer that the algae derive a large fraction of their nutrition by direct osmotrophic uptake of dissolved organic matter. This inference is supported by the literature concerning the physiology of the dominant algal species in our ponds.     

藻类混养生长机能与水华爆发的关系

该文讨论了藻类混养生长与水华爆发的潜在关系。通过综述混养生长能力在扩大培养某些有益藻类方面的实践情况,指出此种机能与水华爆发的关系研究受到忽视;同时介绍了目前有机碳源与藻类生长关系的研究现状,指出外源有机碳在不同理化和营养条件下对藻类生长产生不同影响的可能性,深化此方面的研究对完善认识水华爆发机理以及控制水华爆发具有重要的科学意义。     

Production and characterization of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) co‐polymer by a N2‐fixing cyanobacterium,Nostoc muscorum Agardh

BACKGROUND: Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB‐co‐3HV)] co‐polymer has immense potential in the field of environmental and biomedical sciences as biodegradable and biocompatible material. The present study examines a filamentous N₂‐fixing cyanobacterium, Nostoc muscorum Agardh as a potent feedstock for P(3HB‐co‐3HV) co‐polymer production and characterization of co‐polymer film for commercial applications. RESULTS: Under photoautotrophic growth conditions, N. muscorum Agardh accumulated the homopolymer of poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB), whereas synthesis of P(3HB‐co‐3HV) co‐polymer was detected under propionate‐ and valerate‐supplemented conditions. Exogenous carbons such as acetate, fructose and glucose supplementation with propionate/valerate was found highly stimulatory for the co‐polymer accumulation; the content reached 58–60% of dry cell weight (dcw) under P‐/N‐deficiencies with 0.4% acetate + 0.4% valerate supplementation, the highest value reported so far for P(3HB‐co‐3HV) co‐polymer‐producing cyanobacterial species. The material properties of the films were studied by mechanical tests, surface analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). CONCLUSION: N. muscorum Agardh, a photoautotrophic N₂‐fixing cyanobacterium, emerged as a potent host for production of P(3HB‐co‐3HV) co‐polymer with polymer content 60% of dry cell weight. The material properties of the films were found to be comparable with that of the commercial polymer, thus advocating its potential applications in various fields. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

蛋白核小球藻不同培养方式的比较

采用自养、异养、混养3种方式对蛋白核小球藻15-2070进行了培养.测定了3种培养方式获得的生长曲线、最高生物量(干重)和最大比生长速率.对3种方式培养获得的藻细胞的化学组分进行了检测,并比较了三者之间的差异.     

pH值对钝顶螺旋藻生长的影响

pH值不但影响培养液中营养基质的离解程度，而且对螺旋藻的生长、代谢乃至细胞形态都造成显著的影响。本文得出：钝顶螺旋藻生长的pH范围为8.5～10．0，最适生长pH为9．0～9．6，pH值超过10．5时，对螺旋藻的生长产生抑制作用。混合营养培养时，通过对螺旋藻生长过程中pH值变化的研究，得出：与无机碳源相比，有机碳源作为营养源更易被螺旋藻利用并合成细胞物质。