Development and in-house validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol,zearalenone, T-2 and HT-2 toxin,ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 and B2 in vegetable animal feed

Animal feed can be contaminated with various mycotoxins. To ensure animal health and safe food and feed production, the European Commission has recommended increased monitoring of the co-occurrence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B₁ and B₂, T-2 and HT-2 toxin in feed. Thus, there is a need for an analytical method that enables their simultaneous detection and quantification. This paper describes the development and in-house validation of such a method, in which the mycotoxins were extracted from spiked and naturally contaminated cereal-based compound feed, corn and wheat. The extracts were divided into two aliquots where one was diluted and then analysed directly and the other was cleaned by using MultiSep^®226 and then diluted and analysed. Separation and detection was achieved with LC-ESI-MS/MS by using a triple quadrupole instrument in the SRM mode. The precision (in terms of intra-day repeatability and inter-day reproducibility), accuracy, linearity, apparent recovery and expanded measurement uncertainty in feed, corn and wheat were evaluated. The LODs ranged from 1.0 to 72?μg/kg, and the LOQs ranged from 2.5 to 115?μg/kg. The apparent recovery was higher than 86% for all the mycotoxins, and the precision was better than that defined by the Horwitz equation for all concentrations. Proficiency test materials were analysed to assess the accuracy of the method, and the results were satisfactory for all seven mycotoxins. The method will be used to monitor the occurrence of these mycotoxins in products intended for animal feeding in Sweden.     

国内外真菌毒素检测方法研究现状及进展

真菌毒素是真菌产生的小分子有毒代谢产物,通常以痕量形式存在于基质中,不表现为急性毒性,但具有蓄积性,长期摄入易引发癌症、突变及畸形,从而对人类安全造成威胁。本文着重介绍了黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、伏马菌素、玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢物、单端孢霉烯族类毒素以及麦角碱等毒性相对较强的真菌毒素的来源、结构和毒性。由于许多真菌毒素结构相似且含量较低,需要采用高选择性、准确、快速定性定量方法,因而本文就目前国内外常用的传统及新型的真菌毒素检测方法进行了概述和比较,主要包括:薄层色谱法,液相色谱法,气相色谱法,免疫化学法,核酸适配体法以及液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS/MS)在多毒素检测中的应用,拟为真菌毒素的检测研究提供参考。     

Mycotoxin contamination of home-grown maize in rural northern South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces)

The aim of this study was to assess mycotoxin contamination of crops grown by rural subsistence farmers over two seasons (2011 and 2012) in two districts, Vhembe District Municipality (VDM, Limpopo Province) and Gert Sibande District Municiality (GSDM, Mpumalanga Province), in northern South Africa and to evaluate its impact on farmers’ productivity and human and animal health. A total of 114 maize samples were collected from 39 households over the two seasons and were analysed using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry mycotoxins method. Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) occurrence ranged from 1 to 133 µg kg^?1 in VDM while AFB₁ levels in GSDM were less than 1.0 µg kg^?1 in all maize samples. Fumonisin B₁ levels ranged from 12 to 8514 µg kg^?1 (VDM) and 11–18924 µg kg^?1 (GSDM) in 92% and 47% positive samples, respectively, over both seasons. Natural occurrence and contamination with both fumonisins and aflatoxins in stored home-grown maize from VDM was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than from GSDM over both seasons.