Visual Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate by Taylor Rising: A Simple Point-of-Care Testing Method Based on Rolling Circle Amplification

Rapid and sensitive point-of-care testing (POCT) is an extremely critical mission in practical applications, especially for rigorous military medicine, home health care, and in the third world. Here, we report a visual POCT method for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection based on Taylor rising in the corner of quadratic geometries between two rod surfaces. We discuss the principle of Taylor rising, demonstrating that it is significantly influenced by contact angle, surface tension, and density of the sample, which are controlled by ATP-dependent rolling circle amplification (RCA). In the presence of ATP, RCA reaction effectively suppresses Taylor-rising behavior, due to the increased contact angle, density, and decreased surface tension. Without addition of ATP, untriggered RCA reaction is favorable for Taylor rising, resulting in a significant height. With this proposed method, visual sensitive detection of ATP without the aid of other instruments is realized with only a 5 μL droplet, which has good selectivity and a low detection limit (17 nM). Importantly, this visual method provides a promising POCT tool for user-friendly molecular diagnostics.     

The current and residual value of superphosphate for lupins grown in rotation with oats and wheat on a deep sandy soil

In a field experiment on a deep pale-yellow sand in a 600 mm per annum rainfall Mediterranean environment of south-western Australia, six levels of phosphorus (P) as superphosphate (O up to 546 kg P ha^–1) were applied once only, to the soil surface, before sowing lupins (Lupinus angustifolius). The lupins were grown in a continuous arable cropping rotation with, in successive years, oats (Avena sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), lupins. Five such rotations were started in the experiment from 1985 to 1989. The experiment continued until the end of 1990.The relationship between lupin seed (grain) yields and the level of P applied was measured in the year of P application for five successive years (1985 to 1989). The relationship had the same general form but it varied between years, largely due to different maximum yields (yield plateaux) in each year.The residual value of superphosphate applied three years previously was measured for lupins on two occasions (1988 and 1989) relative to superphosphate applied in the current year. The residual values was different in the two years. The superphosphate applied three years previously was about 30% as effective as freshly applied superphosphate in 1988, and 12% as effective in 1989.At each harvest, the relationship between grain yield and the P concentration in the grain differed for different species. However, for each species at each harvest, the relationship was similar regardless of when the P was applied in the previous years. Thus each species had the same internal efficiency of P use curve, and yields varied only with P concentration in tissue.Bicarbonate-extractable soil P was determined on soil samples taken in mid-July of 1989 and 1990. These soil test values were related to grain yields at harvest. The relationship between yield and soil test values had the same general form but varied for different species within years and for each species between years. It also varied for each species within years depending on the year the P was applied.     

上向分层尾砂充填法在仓上金矿的新应用

本文介绍了垂直矿体走向布置的上向分层尾砂充填采矿法新方案的特点及其在仓上金矿中厚矿体的具体应用。     

Hydrolysis of fats and oils with moist oat caryopses

To improve the economic feasibility of hydrolyzing fats and oils with moist oat caryopses, various factors affecting the efficiency of the process were studied. Caryopses produced with an impact-type dehuller exhibited greater lipase activity than those produced by a wringer-type dehuller. Abrasion of oat caryopses against each other in a fluidized bed released particles rich in lipase. Such lipase concentrates could be added to moist caryopsis reactors to speed fat hydrolysis. Beef tallow, lard, soybean oil and crambe oil were hydrolyzed more efficiently than corn oil, castor oil and milk fat. The poor hydrolysis of castor oil was attributed to the formation of esters with the hydroxy group of ricinoleic acid, and the hydrolysis of castor oil was increased by dilution of the substrate with hexane. Diglycerides inhibited the hydrolysis and accounted for the slower hydrolysis of corn oil. Hydrolysis of milk fat by moist oat caryopses resulted in preferential hydrolysis of C₆ to C₁₀ acids. Erucic acid was released from crambe oil at significantly slower rates than the other acyl groups. High conversions of fats and oils to free fatty acids could be attained by (i) exposing the fats and oils to two to three lots of moist caryopses, (ii) the use of special oat varieties with elevated lipase content, (iii) the addition of oat lipase concentrates to moist caryopsis reactors, and (iv) dilution of the substrate with hexane. Estimates of the cost of producing free fatty acids with these processes indicated that the first three should be profitable. Growth ofClostridium sporogenes spores could not be demonstrated in caryopsis reactors. During the incubation of moist oat caryopses immersed in oil, the free fatty acid content of the internal caryopsis lipid increased only slightly, but there were changes in its fatty acid composition.     

Hidden image display which required the special eyeglass for the viewer to observe the hidden image

Stenography is to conceal the hidden information within another information such that the hidden information can be extracted by the special technique. A steganographic display that required the special eyeglass for the viewer to observe the hidden image was newly proposed. In this hidden‐image display, the viewers wearing the special eyeglass can observe the hidden image, while the viewer with the naked eye can not discern the hidden image. Working principle and the calculation scheme for the generation of input images was investigated. The estimation of the normalized luminance for the gray levels of each pixel on the display was required for the calculation. The concept was experimentally verified using the commercial 3D display based on the patterned retarder and the polarizing eyeglass.     

多视角裸眼3D电视的技术实现

研究超高清多视角裸眼3D电视的实现技术,从方案成本、设计简易度、工艺实现、系统架构、产品性能等方面分别对采用光栅式裸眼3D技术和透镜式裸眼3D技术进行探讨,接着再从视觉表现和技术实现上分析了双视角裸眼3D技术和多视角裸眼3D技术的优缺点,认为超高清屏幕将有效解决多视角裸眼3D技术带来的3D画面分辨率降低问题,因此超高清多视角裸眼3D电视将是未来3D电视的发展主流。     

Oat lipids

Oats are a significant world crop. While nutritional interest in food oats has concentrated on oats as a source of dietary fiber, the lipid component has both nutritional and technological potential. Thus, the lipid fraction of the oat grain determines in large measure its energy content and has a significant impact on nutritional quality. The oat lipids mediate the pasting properties of oat starch and hence influence functionality. Lipids are also implicated in the flavor/off-flavor attributes of oats. These aspects of oat lipids are reviewed together with analytical methods for assessing the lipid content of oats.     

塔河油田盐下探井三开长裸眼井壁稳定问题的探讨

塔河油田盐下探井设计井深在6300 m左右,三开φ 311.1 mm井段为井深3000～5300 m.在这一井段面临的井眼稳定问题主要是:①侏罗系-三叠系、石炭系上部硬脆性泥岩及二叠系玄武岩地层易剥落和掉块、坍塌,扩径严重;②需要解决裸眼段多个地层压力系统共存和地层岩性差异较大的漏失问题,目前承压堵漏工艺技术还不过关;③巨厚盐膏层的塑性变形极易导致发生缩径卡钻,由于含盐膏泥页岩中的盐溶解及泥页岩的水化分散作用易造成井壁的不稳定性.近期在φ 311.1 mm井段发生了多起事故,例S106-3井、T761井下复合套管卡钻;TK1102井、TK1103井承压堵漏后,在盐膏层钻进中又发生井漏事故等等.因此提出盐下探井三开井段井壁稳定是全井钻井液技术的关键,并针对目前三开井段存在的问题,提出了稳定该井段井壁的技术思路和措施.     

Effect of beta-glucan from oats and yeast on serum lipids

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. One way to reduce the risk of developing the disease is to lower serum cholesterol levels by making dietary changes. In addition to reducing intake of total fat, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol, serum cholesterol can be further reduced by added fiber, especially from sources rich in beta-glucan. In this review, two sources of beta-glucan are described; one source is oats and the other yeast. Their chemical structures and physical properties are compared, and their effect on serum lipid levels is described. Oat beta-glucans are found in various breakfast cereals and snacks. Usually, several servings of these products are required to meet the Food and Drug Administration's claim of reducing the risk of heart disease. The yeast-derived fiber is a more concentrated source of beta-glucan than the oat product. It is currently being tested in a wide variety of food products.