对羟基苯甲酸-壳寡糖改性水性聚氨酯

用对羟基苯甲酸(p-HBzA)对壳寡糖(OCS)进行接枝改性,得到了对羟基苯甲酸接枝壳寡糖(p-HBz A-g-OCS)。将p-HBz A-g-OCS作为交联剂,与水性聚氨酯预聚体(PPU)聚合,合成了对羟基苯甲酸-壳寡糖改性水性聚氨酯(HOCS-WPU)。通过FTIR和UV-Vis证实了样品的结构;分别用DLS、力学性能分析、XRD、TGA、ABTS和DPPH自由基清除率对HOCS-WPU的性能进行了考察。结果显示:当加入质量分数为2%的p-HBz A-g-OCS(以合成PPU原料的总质量计)时,HOCS-WPU乳液粒径较小,为57.85nm,相比未改性WPU,HOCS-WPU胶膜的拉伸强度从14.03 MPa提高到16.85 MPa,结晶度从3.57%下降到3.45%;初始分解温度从204.6℃提高到216.7℃。自由基清除率测定结果显示:当HOCS-WPU的质量浓度为2.5 g/L时,该聚合物的ABTS和DPPH自由基的清除率分别达到了62%和35%,抗氧化活性相比未改性WPU明显提高。     

离子液体体系下纤维素酶降解壳聚糖

合成氨基酸类离子液体甘氨酸氟硼酸盐-[Gly]BF4,构建该离子液体与壳聚糖的均相体系,在此体系下采用纤维素酶对壳聚糖进行降解。研究发现该离子液体在溶解壳聚糖的过程中可以有效破坏壳聚糖中氢键,并且增加纤维素酶与壳聚糖之间可及度,促进降解效果。考察不同条件对反应的影响,确定最佳条件:质量分数2%离子液体水溶液与壳聚糖组成均相体系,pH 5.0,反应时间3h,反应温度50℃,壳聚糖1.0g,酶用量0.1g,所得降解产物平均相对分子质量可达2 000左右,具有良好水溶性,较常规体系下酶解反应有很大改善。同时,离子液体具有良好重复使用性。     

The effect of selected parameters of formation on properties of alginate/Ca2+/oligochitosan capsules

Optimization of the technological parameters affecting the mechanical properties and permeability of capsules is essential to produce capsules with improved properties for cell immobilization. In the present paper, the effect of different parameters on the technological properties of alginate/Ca²⁺/oligochitosan capsules has been investigated. The correct adjustment of the alginate concentration in the polymer matrix and the oligochitosan molar mass, concentration and coating time, have been found to be key parameters in obtaining porous and mechanically stable alginate/Ca²⁺/oligochitosan capsules. Results showed that an increase in the coating time and concentration of the alginate generated more stable capsules with a reduced membrane cut‐off. Furthermore, we have established some correlations between capsule properties and the effectiveness of chitosan binding within the capsule's membrane. Data addressed herein could be a valid tool to fabricate optimized alginate/Ca²⁺/oligochitosan capsules with a potential for use in cell immobilization technology. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

全乙酰化壳寡糖的制备方法比较及其结构表征

以醋酐-吡啶法、醋酐-浓硫酸法、醋酐-乙酸钠法、醋酐-醋酸锌法这4种不同的壳寡糖乙酰化方法,通过旋光度、质谱、核磁等对乙酰化产物分析,确证了聚合度分别为2、3、4、5的4种乙酰化壳寡糖的结构．     

甲壳素生物降解制备低聚氨基葡萄糖

低聚氨基葡萄糖是具有调控植物生长、防治植物病害、调节人体免疫、抑制肿瘤等功能的寡糖原料产品。应用低聚氨基葡萄糖研制的生物农药“好普”对水果、蔬菜病害的防治效果达到80％以上,研制的保健食品“奥利奇善”胶囊和“派其安”胶囊具有调节免疫及促进排铅的作用,已实现产业化。     

Rheological,gelling and emulsifying properties of a glycosylated and cross‐linked caseinate generated by transglutaminase

The impacts of oligochitosan glycosylation and cross‐linking on some properties of a commercial caseinate were investigated in this study. The glycosylated and cross‐linked caseinate with glucosamine content of 4.74 g kg^?1 protein was generated by transglutaminase (TGase) and oligochitosan at pH 7.5 and 37 °C, with fixed substrate molar ratio of 1:3 (acyl donor to glucosamine acceptor), caseinate content of 50 g L^?1, TGase of 10 kU kg^?1 protein and reaction time of 3 h, respectively. In comparison with the caseinate, the glycosylated and cross‐linked caseinate had decreased reactable amino groups (0.58 vs. 0.51 mol kg^?1 protein), higher apparent viscosity, decreased emulsifying activity index (about 14.5%) and statistically unchanged emulsion stability index (92.6 vs. 90.5%). Based on the mechanical spectra of the acid‐induced gels, the glycosylated and cross‐linked caseinate showed shorter gelation time (95 vs. 200 or 220 min) than the caseinate or cross‐linked caseinate. The gels prepared from the glycosylated and cross‐linked caseinate also had enhanced hardness, springiness and cohesiveness. The results indicated that TGase‐mediated oligochitosan glycosylation and cross‐linking has the potential to obtain new protein ingredients.     

Synergistic effect of oligochitosan and silicon on inhibition of Monilinia fructicola infections

BACKGROUND: Oligochitosan has broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity and shows an obvious inhibitory effect on phytopathogens. In addition, as an exogenous elicitor, it can induce various defence responses, including affecting the activities of several defence‐related enzymes and substances in some plants. Owing to this dual function of oligochitosan, it can be used to control postharvest diseases of fruits. Silicon, like oligochitosan, also has a dual function. In this study the synergistic effect of oligochitosan and silicon on the decay control of apple fruit was investigated. RESULTS: In vitro, both oligochitosan and silicon significantly inhibited spore germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth of Monilinia fructicola, with higher concentrations having a greater effect. The synergistic effect of oligochitosan and silicon at half‐maximal inhibitory concentration on disease control at 25 °C was much better than the effect of oligochitosan or silicon alone, not only in vitro but also in vivo. CONCLUSION: The results showed that a combination of oligochitosan and silicon had a synergistic effect on the control of disease caused by M. fructicola in apple fruit at 25 °C. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

采前喷施壳聚糖、壳寡糖对红地球葡萄贮藏品质和防御酶活性的影响

为探讨采前喷施壳聚糖、壳寡糖对红地球葡萄采后贮藏期果实品质及生理机制的影响,分别于采前30、20、10d对红地球葡萄果实进行500mg/L壳寡糖、500mg/L壳寡糖+1%乙酸、500mg/L壳聚糖+1%乙酸和清水对照处理。结果表明,采前喷施相同浓度的壳聚糖、壳寡糖均能显著降低葡萄贮藏期间的果实失重率、果柄抽干率和腐烂率,延缓果实硬度降低,提高果实的贮藏品质。能够保持过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性在较高水平上,并且明显提高了葡萄果实多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GUN)防御酶活性,使果实提高了自身抗性,延缓果实衰老。