人体声发射定位技术的研究

从人体声发射技术与医学检测的特点出发,将人体骨科疾病的诊断和人体声发射结合起来,提出了具体的研究问题和解决手段。通过BL—420生物机能实验系统采集人体骨骼中的声发射信号,对该声发射信号利用互相关法计算时差,从而实现声源定位。     

Active Materials for 3D Printing in Small Animals: Current Modalities and Future Directions for Orthopedic Applications

The successful clinical application of bone tissue engineering requires customized implants based on the receiver’s bone anatomy and defect characteristics. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in small animal orthopedics has recently emerged as a valuable approach in fabricating individualized implants for receiver-specific needs. In veterinary medicine, because of the wide range of dimensions and anatomical variances, receiver-specific diagnosis and therapy are even more critical. The ability to generate 3D anatomical models and customize orthopedic instruments, implants, and scaffolds are advantages of 3D printing in small animal orthopedics. Furthermore, this technology provides veterinary medicine with a powerful tool that improves performance, precision, and cost-effectiveness. Nonetheless, the individualized 3D-printed implants have benefited several complex orthopedic procedures in small animals, including joint replacement surgeries, critical size bone defects, tibial tuberosity advancement, patellar groove replacement, limb-sparing surgeries, and other complex orthopedic procedures. The main purpose of this review is to discuss the application of 3D printing in small animal orthopedics based on already published papers as well as the techniques and materials used to fabricate 3D-printed objects. Finally, the advantages, current limitations, and future directions of 3D printing in small animal orthopedics have been addressed.     

医疗机器人技术发展综述

医疗机器人在过去几十年获得了飞速发展,根据医疗机器人的功能和用途将医疗机器人分为:神经外科机器人、骨科机器人、腹腔镜机器人、血管介入机器人、假肢外骨骼机器人、辅助康复机器人和胶囊机器人。分别对当前已经商用化的代表性的医疗机器人做了介绍,对其功能、主要技术指标、优缺点做出对比和描述。探讨医疗机器人当前主要的前沿研究问题,对医疗机器人关键技术和难点问题做出分析和讨论,对医疗机器人未来的发展方向和机遇做了展望。     

Virtual biopsy of the joint tissues using near-infrared, reflectance confocal microscopy. A pilot study

Standard noninvasive imaging techniques applied to joints provide gross morphological features, insufficient for assessing histological detail. On the other hand, biopsying is invasive, time consuming, and may involve unwanted processing artifacts. Near-infrared reflectance confocal microscopy is a technique that allows serial, high-resolution optical sectioning through intact tissues without employing exogenous fluorescent stains. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential utility of near-infrared reflectance confocal microscopy for providing immediate histological information on meniscus, articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate, bone, muscle, and tendon. Images from near-infrared reflectance confocal microscopy were compared with mirror routine histology sections. Characteristic architectural features were readily visualized in the three dimensions of space. Additionally, the use of experimental contrast agents highlighted the localization of nuclei. Limitations include penetration depth and minor optical artifacts. In conclusion, near-infrared reflectance confocal microscopy is a useful technique for immediate, nondestructive, serial "virtual" sectioning through intact tissues, being thus a potential adjunct to current imaging techniques in orthopedics.     

基于555定时器和单片机的数字测速系统

叙述了一种采用555定时器和单片机进行电动机转速测量的方法,详细介绍了系统各部分的组成、原理及用C语言进行测量控制的编程方法.     

应用图像块和全卷积神经网络的肩关节MRI自动分割

目的 MRI正逐步代替CT进行骨头与关节的检查,肩关节MRI中骨结构的精确自动分割对于骨损伤和疾病的度量与诊断至关重要,现有骨头分割算法无法做到不用任何先验知识进行自动分割,且通用性和精准度相对较低,为此提出一种基于图像块和全卷积神经网络（PCNN和FCN）相结合的自动分割算法。方法 首先建立4个分割模型,包括3个基于U-Net的骨头分割模型（肱骨分割模型、关节骨分割模型、肱骨头和关节骨作为整体的分割模型）和一个基于块的AlexNet分割模型;然后使用4个分割模型来获取候选的骨头区域,并通过投票的方式准确检测到肱骨和关节骨的位置区域;最后在检测到的骨头区域内进一步使用AlexNet分割模型,从而分割出精确度在像素级别的骨头边缘。结果 实验数据来自美国哈佛医学院/麻省总医院骨科的8组病人,每组扫描序列包括100片左右图像,都已经分割标注。5组病人用于训练和进行五倍的交叉验证,3组病人用于测试实际的分割效果,其中Dice Coefficient、Positive Predicted Value（PPV）和Sensitivity平均准确率分别达到0.92±0.02、0.96±0.03和0.94±0.02。结论 本文方法针对小样本的病人数据集,仅通过2维医学图像上的深度学习,可以得到非常精确的肩关节分割结果。所提算法已经集成到我们开发的医学图像度量分析平台"3DQI",通过该平台可以展示肩关节骨头3D分割效果,给骨科医生提供临床的诊断指导作用。同时,所提算法框架具有一定的通用性,适应于小样本数据下CT和MRI中特定器官和组织的精确分割。     

用于髓内钉锁钉手术的矫形外科机器人系统

介绍了一套用于髓内钉远端锁钉的矫形外科机器人系统.给出了其结构和功能、视觉标定方法，并对机器人的结构特点、运动学及其控制结构进行了详细的分析说明．     

Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration: A Guide to Identifying the Most Favorable One in Orthopedics and Dentistry Applications

The success of regenerative medicine in various clinical applications depends on the appropriate selection of the source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Indeed, the source conditions, the quality and quantity of MSCs, have an influence on the growth factors, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and secrete bioactive factors of the regenerative milieu, thus influencing the clinical result. Thus, optimal source selection should harmonize this complex setting and ensure a well-personalized and effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from several sources, including bone marrow and adipose tissue, already used in orthopedic regenerative applications. In this sense, for bone, dental, and oral injuries, MSCs could provide an innovative and effective therapy. The present review aims to compare the properties (proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, angiogenic capacity, differentiation potential, and secretome) of MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental tissue to enable clinicians to select the best source of MSCs for their clinical application in bone and oral tissue regeneration to delineate new translational perspectives. A review of the literature was conducted using the search engines Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. An analysis of different publications showed that all sources compared (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and dental tissue mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs)) are good options to promote proper migration and angiogenesis, and they turn out to be useful for gingival, dental pulp, bone, and periodontal regeneration. In particular, DT-MSCs have better proliferation rates and AT and G-MSC sources showed higher clonogenicity. MSCs from bone marrow, widely used in orthopedic regenerative medicine, are preferable for their differentiation ability. Considering all the properties among sources, BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs, and DT-MSCs present as potential candidates for oral and dental regeneration.     

髋关节模拟手术中有限元分析方法的应用

介绍了小儿髋关节计算机模拟手术中有限元分析方法的具体应用，有限元分析方法有助于医生在手术前确定最佳方案，从而降低手术风险。     

2010~2011年上海开元骨科医院非甾体抗炎药使用情况分析

目的分析本院2010~2011年非甾体抗炎药的用药情况,为临床合理用药提供可靠的依据。方法根据本院的医院信息管理系统(HIS)中门诊患者非甾体抗炎药使用数据,统计分析该类药物使用金额、限定日剂量数、用药品种等情况。结果门诊患者非甾体抗炎药金额占药品总金额的比例逐年下降,其中塞来昔布耗量占主导地位。结论门诊患者非甾体抗炎药使用率较合理,疗程基本符合非甾体抗炎药相关规定。