牡蛎糖原的提取、纯化及补体活性研究

采用酶解结合醇沉法从新鲜牡蛎中提取制备牡蛎糖原(oyster glycogen,OG),经阴离子交换柱DEAE-52、葡聚糖凝胶柱SephadexG-100分离纯化,得到纯度较高的牡蛎糖原组分OG11.其蛋白质量分数为0.33％,糖质量分数为97.77％.用气相色谱法对OG11进行单糖组成鉴定,结果表明其中只含有葡萄糖...     

碳源和氮源对平菇（PH06）菌丝生长的影响

试验选取四种碳源及每种碳源七种不同浓度,同时选取六种氮源每种氮源七种不同浓度,进行对比试验从中选出适合平菇（PH06）菌丝生长的最佳碳源及氮源.实验证明,固体培养基中平菇（PH06）菌丝生长的最佳碳源是浓度为1.5%可溶性淀粉.最佳氮源是浓度为0.7%蛋白胨和浓度为0.7%酵母粉,最佳碳氮源组合是浓度为0.5%的麦芽糖与浓度为0.7%的酵母粉.     

Antioxidant effects of gallic acid alkyl esters of various chain lengths in oyster during frying process

The antioxidant effects of gallic acid (GA) and its alkyl esters including methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, propyl gallate, butyl gallate (GA-C4), octyl gallate, lauryl gallate, hexadecyl gallate and octadecyl gallate in frying oil (soybean oil) and oyster during frying were investigated. Rancimat induction period (RIP) assay indicated GA and its alkyl esters effectively improved the oxidative stability of soybean oil according to the ‘polar paradox’; that is, the antioxidant effects of the polyphenols decreased in lipid system with the increasing of hydrophobicity. Results also indicated that GA and its alkyl esters all effectively retarded lipid oxidation in oyster tissue according to parameters including RIP, peroxide value and electron spin resonance assays. Moreover, the antioxidant efficiency in oyster increased with the alkyl chain length until GA-C4, and thereafter, the antioxidant effects decreased, similar to the ‘cut-off effect’. This study provides basic data for improving the oxidative stability of seafood during frying.     

煅烧温度对牡蛎壳陶粒磷吸附效果的影响

研究主要是制备一种牡蛎壳陶粒,并考察煅烧温度对牡蛎壳陶粒除磷性能的影响。结果表明煅烧温度对牡蛎壳载体磷吸附效果的影响较大,当牡蛎壳粉末∶粘土∶九水硅酸钠=7∶2∶1,煅烧温度为450℃时,制备的牡蛎壳陶粒对磷的吸附量为0.155 mg·g-1。牡蛎壳陶粒对磷的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,且在25℃下最大吸附量为0.432 mg·g-1。最佳条件下制备的牡蛎壳陶粒具有良好的亲水性,吸水率可以达到18.64%、载体的抗压强度可以达到2.15 MPa、空隙率为41.2%、比表面积为5.71 m2·g-1、破碎率与磨损率之和为2.95%、含泥量为0.61%,这些指标均满足《水处理用人工陶粒滤料CJ/T 299-2008》的指标,可以将此牡蛎壳陶粒用到水处理当中。     

建筑垃圾中不同组成材料对混凝土性能的影响

总结了国内外建筑垃圾中各种组成材料对混凝土性能影响的研究现状.主要包括其中的砖瓦、混凝土碎块、玻璃、木纤维、沥青、旧塑料和贝壳等对混凝土抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量和收缩量等性能的影响.其中破碎到一定细度的砖瓦和玻璃的活性会提高,能减小对混凝土性能的负面影响;再生混凝土碎块对混凝土各项性能均有不利影响;旧塑料则能提高混凝土的韧性;贝壳会降低混凝土的弹性模量,但不影响其早强.     

New protein PCiP from edible golden oyster mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus) activating murine macrophages and splenocytes

A new immunomodulatory protein (PCiP) was purified from an edible golden oyster mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus) by extraction with 5% (v/v) cold acetic acid in the presence of 0.1% (v/v) 2‐mercaptoethanol, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DE‐52 and MonoQ anion‐exchange chromatography. Electrophoresis assays demonstrated that the molecular mass of PCiP was approximately 15.0 kDa and its pI was around 5.2. PCiP is a simple protein without carbohydrate, and cannot agglutinate mouse red blood cells, suggesting PCiP is not a lectin. In addition, PCiP (5–20 µg mL^?1) alone activated murine splenocytes, and markedly increased their proliferation and gamma‐interferon (IFN‐γ secretion, but suppressed MTT metabolization, while murine splenocytes were simultaneously stimulated by the mitogen concanavalin A (ConA). Furthermore, PCiP (5–20 µg mL^?1) directly activated murine macrophages and increased the production of both the nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α by RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that PCiP could strengthen both the innate and adaptive responses of its host. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Seasonal variations in proximate and elemental composition of pearl oyster (Pinctada radiata,Leach, 1814)

Pearl oysters (Pinctada radiata) were investigated for proximate and elemental composition throughout the year. Oysters were collected bimonthly by hand during scuba diving from the Gulf of Antalya. Ranges of dry matter, protein, fat and ash contents were 144.7–209.8, 65.9–160.4, 4.3–10.9 and 4.6–27.0 g kg^?1, respectively. While the highest protein and fat values were found in the summer months, the highest dry matter and ash contents were found in the winter months. The highest element contents were found in the spring and autumn months. Cadmium and zinc were found to be over the legislative limits, while copper was below, throughout year. The highest concentration among the elements was obtained for zinc. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry