Gelatinisation Characteristics and Enzyme Susceptibility of Different Types of Barley Starch in the Temperature Range 48–72°C1

The gelatinisation temperatures, pasting characteristics and enzymic susceptibilities in the temperature range 48–72°C of normal, high amylose, low amylose and zero amylose barley starches were determined. Normal starches had the lowest gelatinisation temperatures, but low and zero amylose starches had the lowest pasting temperatures. Normal starches were the most readily soluble in water at 48–60°C in the presence of a mixture of α‐amylase, β‐amylase and limit dextrinase and were most readily broken down to reducing sugars by these enzymes. High amylose starch was the most resistant to enzymic hydrolysis in the temperature range 48–72°C and, hence, produced the lowest level of reducing sugars.     

30t转炉三位一体护炉实践

以转炉终点高拉碳操作法及降低出钢温度等操作护炉为根本护炉手段，溅渣为主要护炉方法，贴砖作为护炉的辅助措施，有效地提高了转炉炉龄，达到了1万炉以上，实现了根据设备检修计划下炉。     

Physicochemical property changes in germinated brown rice flour from different storage periods of paddy rice

This study revealed that the storage duration (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months) of paddy rice and pH (3 and 6.8) of steeping water during germination were significantly influenced the physicochemical properties of germinated brown rice flour (GBRF). GBRF obtained at pH 3 vs. 6.8 provided the highest both reducing sugar content and free gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) content (99.8 vs. 54.2 mg per 100 g flour respectively) as the paddy rice was stored for 8 months. The peak viscosity of GBRF obtained at pH 3 and 6.8 exhibited the lower values than that of non‐GBRF throughout the storage. From the principal component analysis, reducing sugar had a positive correlation with α‐amylase activity whereas a negative correlation was found with peak viscosity. GBRF from paddy rice stored for 8 months and germinated at pH 3 possessed the highest free GABA content, 50 times of the non‐GBRF, which can be further utilised in functional and healthy foods.     

Changes in kernel properties,in situ gelatinization,and physicochemical properties of waxy rice with inhibition of starch branching enzyme during cooking

The kernel properties, gelatinisation and physicochemical properties of rice were investigated in a waxy rice Guang-ling-xiang-nuo (GLXN) and its transgenic line GLXN-RNAi with inhibition of starch branching enzyme I/IIb. The volume swelling, water content and leached material of cooked kernels increased with increasing cooking time, but they were lower in GLXN-RNAi than in GLXN. The kernels of GLXN-RNAi were more difficultly gelatinised and disrupted than those of GLXN during cooking. The starch in the exterior of GLXN-RNAi endosperm was not completely gelatinised. The C_A-type starch of GLXN-RNAi was more resistant to cooking than A-type starch of GLXN. The cooked kernels of GLXN-RNAi had lower rapidly digestible starch and greater slowly digestible starch than those of GLXN. Brown rice flour had higher peak, hot, final and setback viscosities and lower breakdown viscosity in GLXN than GLXN-RNAi. These results indicated that GLXN-RNAi kernels exhibited great potential in applications as health foods.     

Effect of different treatments on the microstructure and functional and pasting properties of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.), dolichos bean (Dolichos lablab L.) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) flours from the north‐east Argentina

The effect of germination (G; 5 days), soaking‐cooking (SC; 6 h–20 min, 6 h–40 min, 6 h–60 min) and microwave (M; 50%, 70%, 100%) treatments on pigeon pea (PP), dolichos bean (DB) and jack bean (JB) seeds was studied. Microstructure of seeds and functional (protein solubility, water‐holding capacity, oil‐holding capacity, emulsion stability) and pasting properties of flours were determined. Germination and microwave treatments modified the protein matrix of cotyledon cells preserving the shape of the starch granule, whereas the SC treatment (6 h–60 min) affected both. The soaking‐cooking is the most influential treatment on the functional properties of PP, DB and JB flours, as increased water absorption capacity (73–96%), decreased protein solubility (>80%) and the tendency to retrogradation of amylose (69–85%) also improved emulsion stability.     

种植密度对沿淮玉米籽粒淀粉粒度分布与糊化特性的影响

分析不同种植密度对沿淮玉米籽粒中淀粉粒度分布与糊化特性的影响。以豫单132、京科968等13个玉米杂交品种为材料,设置56 250 株/hm2、67 500 株/hm2、77 250 株/hm2等3个种植密度,分析不同种植密度对玉米籽粒品质、淀粉粒度分布与糊化特性的影响。结果表明,在种植密度56 250~77 250 株/hm2范围内,随着种植密度的增加,玉米籽粒的蛋白质和脂肪含量呈递减趋势,淀粉含量呈递增趋势,即淀粉/蛋白质比率增加。玉米籽粒大型淀粉粒体积和表面积百分比显著增加,小型淀粉粒却显著降低。增加种植密度后玉米淀粉的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度和稀懈值等黏度参数均呈显著升高。相关分析表明,玉米籽粒峰值黏度等黏度参数与小、大型淀粉粒体积百分比呈正相关,与中型淀粉粒体积百分比呈显著或极显著负相关。说明种植密度影响玉米籽粒淀粉粒度分布、淀粉黏度参数和组分含量。     

共轭亚油酸对玉米淀粉理化性质的影响

采用快速黏度分析仪、差示扫描量热仪和动态流变仪研究了共轭亚油酸对3种不同直链淀粉含量的玉米淀粉糊化性质、热学性质和流变学性质的影响。研究表明,添加相同量的共轭亚油酸使普通玉米淀粉的峰值黏度等黏度值增加,对高直链玉米淀粉和蜡质玉米淀粉的糊化性质影响不显著。添加共轭亚油酸使普通玉米淀粉糊化焓值增加,添加量为1%时其糊化焓值增加幅度最大。添加2%的共轭亚油酸使高直链玉米淀粉和蜡质玉米淀粉糊化焓值降低,其中蜡质玉米淀粉糊化焓值降低尤为明显,下降了17%。添加2%的共轭亚油酸,可抑制高直链玉米淀粉的短期老化和长期老化,老化率分别由0.45、0.63降低到0.31、0.55。添加共轭亚油酸增加3种玉米淀粉的表观黏度和稠度系数,增加普通玉米淀粉和高直链玉米淀粉的贮能模量和损耗模量,降低其tanδ值,促进其形成弹性凝胶。     

黄姜淀粉理化性质的研究

以中药材黄姜为原料,提取并优化其副产物淀粉,对黄姜淀粉通过测试扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、粒径分析、X射线衍射法、示差扫描量热分析(DSC)及其直链淀粉含量来研究其特征性质。结果表明,黄姜淀粉的颗粒大小适中,形态为椭圆形,粒径范围为5～50μm,平均粒径为19.5μm,晶体结构为C型,淀粉中直链淀粉的含量为27.5%。测得的糊化温度为(59.7℃-70.5℃-79.4℃),反应的热焓为24.63J/g。薯蓣科的黄姜淀粉在近年来比较流行的功能食品开发方面很有发展前景。     

羟丙基磷酸交联糯玉米淀粉的性质及其作为面条品质改良剂的研究

研究了羟丙基磷酸交联糯玉米淀粉的糊化特性、糊的透明度和冻融稳定性 ,并将其添加到普通面粉中制作面条 ,结果表明 ,它可显著改善面条的烹煮特性和感官品质     

萌发玉米淀粉的糊化特性及其对面包品质的影响

研究了萌发玉米淀粉的糊化特性及对面包品质的影响。结果表明,与原淀粉相比,萌发玉米淀粉的糊化温度有所降低,糊化时间有所缩短。5种面包样品的仪器测定和消费者实验表明,添加适量的萌发玉米淀粉能够有效提高面包质地特性和总体接受程度、口感、外观、气味等特征。