生姜田杂草防除试验

将33%二甲戊乐灵EC、24%乙氧氟草醚EC和20%二甲戊·乙氧氟草醚EC用作生姜田播后苗前土壤处理,结果表明,生姜田除草20%二甲戊·乙氧氟草醚EC2400～2850ml/hm2(制剂含量)防治效果最佳,优于33%二甲戊乐灵EC和24%乙氧氟草醚EC,在推荐剂量下,对生姜安全,且有显著增产效果。     

Separation of selective organic acids from wastewater through a polyol supported liquid membrane

Pesticide toxicity databases usually include data on pure chemicals (active ingredients). Technical pesticides formulations, however, are mixtures with adjuvants as applied to fields/crops. Two formulations of the same pesticide can differ in their environmental fate and their toxicity. This work presents the evaluation of the toxicity of the dinitroaniline herbicide, pendimethalin by simultaneous analysis of its respiration rate and generation of a membrane potential (Δ Ψ) in rat liver mitochondria. Chromatography grade pendimethalin (8.2·10^?5 ‐ 5.47·10^?4 M or 23 – 154 ppm) caused lower enhancement of the mitochondrial respiration and decrease of the Δ Ψ than technical grade pendimethalin (Stomp), i.e. the mixture of pure ingredient and adjuvant(s). These effects are comparable to those of 2,4‐dinitrophenol. Pure and technical grade pendimethalin acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria (enhances respiration and diminishes Δ Ψ). These data conflict with the statement, presented in the US EPA manual Recognition and Management of Pesticides Poisonings, that pendimethalin does not act as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation.     

二甲戊灵的GC和HPLC分析方法研究

采用气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法两种方法分别对二甲戊灵原药进行定量分析,气相色谱法以邻苯二甲酸二戊酯为内标物,采用HP-5石英毛细管色谱柱（30．0m×320μm×0．25μm）和FID检测器,色谱条件为柱箱采用程序升温,200℃保持0．5min,以10℃／min速率升至240℃,保持2．5min;进样口温度260℃,检测器温度250℃,气体流速为载气（N2）1ml／min,燃气（Hz）30ml／min,助燃气（Air）350ml／min,分流比1：40．本方法的变异系数、平均回收率、线性相关系数分别为0．0779％、100．06％、0．9999。高效液相色谱法中使用ZORBOX Eclipse XDB-C18150mm×4．6mm（i．d）不锈钢柱色谱柱,DAD检测器,以甲醇＋水=80＋20（V＋V）为流动相,检测波长为236nm。二甲戊灵的平均回收率为99．08％,方法变异系数为0．112%;,线性相关系数为0．9999。     

40%二甲戊乐灵水悬浮剂的研制

以热贮存[(54±2)℃,14 d]析水率和悬浮率为指标,采用流点法对分散剂组分及其配比进行优选。结果表明,40%二甲戊乐灵悬浮剂的较佳配方为:二甲戊乐灵40%,SOPA1%,WPJ 4%,增稠剂HG 0.1%,丙二醇5%,正辛醇0.1%,水补足至100%。产品悬浮率90%以上,(54±2)℃热贮14 d,分解率<5%,各项指标符合悬浮剂的要求。     

Variability in the fermentation rate and colour of young lager beer as influenced by insecticide and herbicide residues

The influence of five pesticides, pendimethalin, trifluralin (dinitroaniline herbicides) fenitrothion, malathion, and methidathion (organophosphorus insecticides), on the fermentation of young lager beer was assessed. For this purpose, brewer wort was spiked with the pesticides to obtain a concentration of 1 μg/ml before the pitching with lager yeast (Saccharomyces carlsbergensis). The fermentation kinetic was sluggish for the samples treated with fenitrothion, malathion, and trifluralin but increased from the second to the sixth day in the methidathion and pendimethalin treatments in comparison with the blank sample. At the end of fermentation (12 days) statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for the extract and attenuation values for the samples treated with fenitrothion and trifluralin. In these cases too, a higher amount of residual sugars (glucose, fructose, maltose and maltotriose) was found in the beer. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were also observed for pH and colour of the beer after fermentation among all treated samples. A good quadratic correlation (R > 0.94) was found for these parameters in all cases. The total polyphenol content was significantly lower in the fenitrothion and trifluralin treatments.     

施田补防除旱育秧苗床杂草应用技术研究

根据施田补的田间防除旱育秧苗床除草效果,盆栽试验研究其对水稻的安全性及与扑草净的混合配方测定,室内生物测定土壤湿度对其药效的影响。试验结果表明：施田可有效防除旱秧苗床多种单双子叶杂草,防效可达９０％以上,但稻种覆土不严极易发生药害;土壤水分是其发挥药效的重要因素,施田补地苗档土表饱和湿度时施用效果最佳;     

二甲戊乐灵的残留毒理研究现状

综述了有关苯胺类除草剂二甲戊乐灵研究的最新进展。内容主要包括二甲戊乐灵在国内外的应用状况;二甲戊乐灵在环境中的降解代谢情况及其机理;二甲戊乐灵的残留检测方法;国内外关于二甲戊乐灵的残留代射与毒理研究现状及进展。     

45%二甲戊灵微胶囊剂防除冬小麦田杂草试验

进行了45%二甲戊灵微胶囊剂防除冬小麦田杂草的小区试验。结果表明,该药剂防除麦田杂草有良好的防除效果,防效在85%以上。当用量为45%二甲戊灵CS 2250～2625 mL/hm2时,苗后50 d株防效和鲜重防效均达90%以上。     

二甲戊乐灵在土壤中的残留分析

研究改进了二甲戊乐灵在土壤中的残留分析方法。土壤中的二甲戊乐灵残留物用丙酮-石油醚(1∶1)混合提取液振荡提取后,经液-液分配和弗罗里硅土柱层析净化后,用GC-14C型气相色谱仪(带63Ni-ECD)进行检测。二甲戊乐灵在土壤中0.1、1.0、5.0mg/kg3个浓度的添加回收率分别为88.30%±4.47%,83.24%±5.23%,100.15%±4.01%,符合农药残留分析的要求。最终确定色谱分析条件为:进样口温度:270℃,柱室温度:225℃,检测器温度:290℃。载气流量(N2):45.0ml/min,ECD上的尾吹气为:10ml/min。     

20%二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂防除大蒜田杂草试验

田间药效试验表明,20%二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂对大蒜田杂草有良好的防治效果,有效成分适宜用量为750～1000g/hm2,对大蒜有较高安全性。试验结果还显示,二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂比二甲戊灵乳油有较长的持效性。