Characteristics and Use of Yellow Stripe Trevally Hydrolysate as Culture Media

ABSTRACT:  Characteristics and the use as culture media of protein hydrolysate from yellow stripe trevally (HF₂₅) were determined in comparison with Bacto Peptone. HF₂₅ had the higher contents of ash (45.73%), lipid (0.77%), and moisture (4.34%) but lower protein content (42.11%) than did Bacto Peptone ( P  < 0.05). HF₂₅ powder was slightly darker than Bacto Peptone ( P  < 0.05). HF₂₅ contained a higher amount of essential amino acids (44.05%) than did Bacto Peptone (19.34%). HF₂₅ and Bacto Peptone consisted of several minerals at varying levels and had an excellent solubility over a wide pH range. At water activity (a_w) greater than 0.75, the much higher moisture sorption was found in HF₂₅ ( P  < 0.05). HF₂₅ showed the higher bacterial productivity ratio than did Bacto Peptone ( P  < 0.05). When HF₂₅ and commercial Bacto Peptone were used as microbial media to determine microbial load of environmental and food samples and pathogenic bacteria, HF₂₅ generally exhibited similar potential in culturing those microorganisms ( P  > 0.05). Thus, the conversion of low market value species to fish protein hydrolysate, which can be used as the nitrogenous substrate for microbial growth, could be achieved.     

葡萄糖和蛋白胨对绿色木霉纤维素酶系分泌特性的影响

采用正交试验法分析出绿色木霉3.3711液体发酵产纤维素酶系各组分的最适酶解条件,其组合分别为C1(pH 5.0、45℃),Cx(pH 3.5、55℃)和βG(pH 4.5、65℃)。在液体基础产酶培养基发酵条件下,三种组分酶的最高酶活分别为53.6、185.2、79.3 u/mL,比酶活分别为46.6、167.7、71.8 u/mg,最高的酶活形成时间分别为9、10、10 d。添加质量分数0.0005~0.003的葡萄糖,三种组分酶最高酶活分别降低了27.4%~38.4%、25.5%~35.5%、14.0%~52.3%,C1和Cx的最高酶活形成时间分别缩短为4~7、5 d,C1和βG比酶活分别降低了20.8%~35.4%、25.8%~64.5%;添加质量分数0.0005~0.01的蛋白胨,提高了C1和Cx最高酶活(分别为0.9%~199.6%、2.1%~45.1%),缩短了C1和Cx的最高酶活形成时间(分别为4~7、4 d),降低了βG的最高酶活(5.9%~34.2%)和比酶活(35.2%~87.3%),对C1和Cx比酶活的增减效应存在浓度依赖性,质量分数0.0005时分别提高50.0%、65.4%。两种添加物均能明显改变C1和Cx的分泌变化规律,对βG酶影响极小。     

冷榨花生粕蛋白胨酶法制备及其在微生物增殖培养中的应用

为探讨冷榨花生粕蛋白质酶法制备蛋白胨替代商用蛋白胨的可行性,将冷榨花生粕用胃蛋白酶与碱性蛋白酶进行双酶协同水解制备冷榨花生粕蛋白水解物（也称为冷榨花生粕蛋白胨）,并分析其分子质量分布、化学组分分析及氨基酸组成。研究发现,经双酶协同水解后的冷榨花生粕蛋白胨主要由小于5.0 kDa的肽段组成,富含丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸等氨基酸,特别是谷氨酸含量较高。微生物增殖培养实验结果表明,大肠杆菌在冷榨花生粕蛋白胨培养基中培养8 h后比牛肉膏蛋白胨中生长情况好;枯草芽孢杆菌在冷榨花生粕蛋白胨培养基中比LB培养基中有较长的滞后期,但培养8 h后,生长情况比LB培养基更好;大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌在冷榨花生粕蛋白胨培养基和对照培养基中pH值变化差异不显著（P＞0.05）;干酪乳杆菌在冷榨花生粕蛋白胨培养基和MRS培养基中生长情况有显著差异（P＜0.05）;金黄色葡萄球菌在冷榨花生粕培养基中与对照培养基生长差异不显著（P＞0.05）;酿酒酵母在冷榨花生粕培养基中与对照生长有类似的生长曲线与pH值变化趋势;米曲霉在冷榨花生粕培养基中与对照培养生长无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结果表明,冷榨花生粕蛋白胨在替代商用蛋白胨用于微生物的增殖培养应用中具有很好的潜力。     

风味酶水解乳清蛋白生产蛋白胨的工艺条件

为了提高原料乳清蛋白(Whey Protein Concentrate,WPC)的产品附加值,利用风味蛋白酶对WPC进行水解,生产蛋白胨产品。结果表明:最优工艺条件为E/S(18 000 U/100 mL),温度为55℃,pH值6.0,水解时间为4.0 h,底物质量分数为8%,水解度为46.4%。利用此工艺生产的蛋白胨产品在理化指标、氨基酸组成及质量分数上均要好于市售的同类产品。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蛋白胨中6种脂溶性维生素

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定蛋白胨中6种脂溶性维生素的分析方法。方法 样品经甲醇-正己烷(8:2, V/V)混合溶液提取, Syncronis C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离, 以0.1%(V/V)甲酸甲醇溶液(含10 mmol/L甲酸铵)为流动相进行洗脱, 流速为0.2 mL/min。采用电喷雾电离源、正离子扫描、多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)进行检测。结果 6种脂溶性维生素在各自质量浓度范围内相关系数(r2)均大于0.999, 线性关系良好, 检出限为0.026~1.109 mg/kg, 定量限为0.085~3.696 mg/kg, 相对标准偏差均<3%(n=6), 且在不同添加水平下的回收率为88.1%~114.8%。结论 该方法操作简单, 重现性好, 准确度高, 适用于蛋白胨中6种脂溶性维生素的测定。     

以丝胶蛋白为细菌培养基主要成分的研究

通过对分子量小于6万的水溶性丝胶肽或者丝胶肽及其水解物以不同比例替代或完全替换普通液体培养基中主要成分蛋白胨进行的3种代表性细菌的培养试验，说明水溶性丝胶肽及其水解物营养非常丰富，是一种新型的液体培养基主要成分。     

The efficacy of disinfectant misting in the lairage of a pig abattoir to reduce Salmonella and Enterobacteriaceae on pigs prior to slaughter

Water misting/showers are used in abattoir lairages to improve meat quality, and to cool and calm pigs after transport and during hot weather. One novel approach, which has not been investigated to date, is to add a disinfectant to the misting water as a means of topically reducing Salmonella on pigs prior to slaughter, thereby potentially controlling this organism in the abattoir. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate misting with water or with Virkon^® S (an approved disinfectant for use in the presence of animals), for their ability to topically reduce Salmonella on high seroprevalence pig herds before stunning and to reduce Enterobacteriaceae.Three experimental groups were investigated: control group (i.e., no misting); water group (misting with cold, 15–17 °C, water, herein referred to as water); and a disinfectant group (misting with 0.5% Virkon^® S). As pigs entered the abattoir, each animal was swabbed along its back before being allocated to its experimental group. Each group was randomly assigned to one of 3 lairage pens that were separated by non-trial pens. After 30 min of misting with water or disinfectant, pigs were moved to the stunning area, where each pig was again swabbed, as above. Swabs were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae.Before misting, Salmonella prevalence on the pigs was 79.0%, 72.1% and 83.6% for the control, water and disinfectant groups, respectively. After misting, Salmonella prevalence increased to 94.3% in the water group; whereas for the disinfectant group, the prevalence increased marginally to 85.9%. No change in Salmonella prevalence was detected for the control group. In line with the Salmonella results, no significant differences were observed in Enterobacteriaceae counts in the control group at either time point (4.37 and 5.01 log₁₀ CFU/cm², respectively) or in the disinfectant group before and after misting (4.02 and 4.26 log₁₀ CFU/cm², respectively). However, a 2.3 log₁₀ CFU/cm² increase in Enterobacteriaceae was recorded for the water group after misting as compared to before misting (p < 0.05).Since misting with water alone increased topical Salmonella contamination on pigs before slaughter, a risk assessment based on known Salmonella data, meat quality and welfare is recommended to determine whether its use is justifiable. On the other hand, the findings from this study suggest that misting with Virkon^® S at 0.5% could have a role in topical antisepsis of pigs contaminated with Salmonella prior to slaughter and as such this warrants further investigation.     

Effect of doping pretreated corn stover conditions on yield of bioethanol in immobilized cell systems

The surface characteristics of immobilized yeast before and after adding CO₂-laser pretreated corn stover (LPCS) substrates were investigated using bioethanol production. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on the Box–Behnken design (BBD) for experiments, was used to optimize the doping condition. An optimum experimental condition was obtained at pH 4.5, 2.08% yeast concentration, and 0.20% LPCS substrates. Under this condition, doping LPCS increased the yield of bioethanol from 53% to 84%, which matched the predicted value. After doping LPCS, the results of inverted microscope (IM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) illustrated that the immobilized gel beads changed from rod-like in shape with a smooth surface to a larger rod-like ultrastructure with a rougher surface. The yield was relatively stable within 28 d, with a downward trend subsequently appearing.