常减压装置高酸原油的腐蚀和防治

结合中石化金陵分公司炼制高酸原油的实际情况,分析了常减压装置的主要腐蚀类型和腐蚀机理,并在此基础上提出了具体的防治措施:混炼、控制流速和流态、注意选材、工艺防腐措施等。实践证明这些措施取得了较好的防腐效果。     

Alumina-supported monoperphosphoric acid for selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides

Selective oxidation of aromatic and aliphatic sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxide was achieved by using POCl₃/H₂O₂ and (alumina-supported phosphorus oxychloride)/H₂O₂. A versatile procedure for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides without any over-oxidation to sulfones has been reported. It is noteworthy that the reaction is clean and tolerates oxidatively sensitive functional groups and the sulfur atom is selectively oxidized.

     

过渡金属离子在过氧酸漂白中的作用及控制

本文介绍了过氧酸漂白中不同过渡金属离子的作用、机理及控制 ,并提出一些控制过渡金属离子作用的新的有效的方法。     

Decomposition of peracids and their salts with activated carbon

Activated carbon-mediated reductive decomposition of several commonly used peracids, peracid salts, and alkyl hydroperoxides was investigated, and oxygen release was measured. Environmentally unfriendly reagents such as dimethyl sulfide, trimethyl phosphite, and triphenyl phosphine were ineffective in reducing the peracid salts. However, the environmentally friendly and waste-minimizing activated carbon proved an effective, simple, and safe method for the decomposition of peracids, peracid salts, and alkyl hydroperoxides.     

过酸膨化预处理在真丝绸精练中的应用研究

简述了过酸对真丝绸的膨化机理。在对织物进行过酸膨化预处理的基础上,采用双氧水进行快速精练,缩短了精练时间,降低了能耗,成品手感柔软,不易泛黄,各项质量指标均优于传统皂碱法。文中还对影响过酸预处理精练工艺的因素进行了讨论。     

Application of a novel bleach activator to low temperature bleaching of raw cotton fabrics

A novel activator sodium 4-(2-decanoyloxyethoxycarbonyloxy) benzene sulfonate, whose chemical structure is similar to that of the widely studied activator nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate was found to be effective for the peroxide bleaching of raw cotton fabrics at low temperatures. The variables affecting bleaching effects were discussed. Temperature showed the greatest impact on the activated bleaching and raising temperature was accompanied with a substantial increase in whiteness. The bleaching performance of the activation system was compared with that of conventional peroxide bleaching. The results indicated that the activated bleaching could provide cotton fabrics with competitive whiteness, wettability, and dyeability. Thus, the novel activating system can be applied to the low-temperature bleaching of cellulosic fibers with a great benefit of energy saving.     

Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Peroxyacetic/Octanoic Acid Mixture in Fresh-Cut-Vegetable Process Waters

The antimicrobial efficacy of a peroxyacetic/octanoic acid mixture for fruit and vegetable process water was compared to peroxyacetic acid alone. Rate‐of‐kill studies usingyeast and molds indicated that the peroxyacetic/octanoic acid mixture had greater antifungal efficacy. In tests conducted during vegetable processing, use of the peroxyacetic/octanoic acid mixture was associated with lower numbers of yeast and molds in process water. In 1 example, lower numbers of yeast and molds in potato processing water containing the peroxyacetic acid/octanoic mixture were associated with lower yeast and mold counts on potatoes. Peroxyacetic/octanoic acid mixtures may offer processors using peroxyacetic acid a way to improve fungal reduction in recycled water processes.     

Oxygen bleaching systems in domestic laundry

The oxidative bleaching process plays a key role in removing unwanted stains from laundry. This review covers methods of generation of active oxygen bleaching species, their activation and application. In addition, the requirements for commercially acceptable oxygen bleach products are discussed.     

纸浆TCF漂白中碳水化合物的保护

本文综述了纸浆的氧气漂白、臭氧漂白、过氧化氢漂白、光催化漂白、过氧酸漂白中碳水化合物的保护措施.     

The Reaction of Ozone with Bisulfide (HS−) in Aqueous Solution – Mechanistic Aspects

The ozone demand to oxidize HS^?/H₂S [pK_a(H₂S) = 6.9, k(HS^? + O₃) = 3 × 10⁹ M^?1 s^?1, k(H₂S + O₃) = 3 × 10⁴ M^?1 s^?1] to SO₄ ^2? is only 2.4 mol ozone per mol SO₄ ^2? formed, much lower than stoichiometric 4.0 mol/mol if a series of O-transfer reactions would occur. As primary step, the formation of an ozone adduct to HS^?, HSOOO^–, is suggested that decomposes into HSO^– and singlet oxygen (16%) or rearranges into peroxysulfinate ion, HS(O)OO^– (84%). Potential reactions of the above intermediates are discussed. Some of these can account for the low ozone demand.