Shelf Life of Minimally Processed Honeydew, Kiwifruit, Papaya, Pineapple and Cantaloupe

This study was to determine the shelf life of minimally processed honeydew melon, kiwifruit, papaya, pineapple, and cantaloupe stored at 4°C. Sensory assessments were carried out at 3-day intervals by highly trained panels until the end of shelf life. Microbiological counts were made immediately after dicing fruit and at the end of shelf life. Results indicated that both the length of shelf life and type of spoilage were related to fruit species. Minimally processed fruit had longer shelf life at 4°than at temperatures recommended for whole fruit when these were greater than 4°C. Spoilage of 4°C-stored kiwifruit, papaya and pineapple pieces was not a consequence of microbial growth.     

3种花卉在山区及平原越夏的效果评价

通过对金宝剑（Vrieseamarjolcin）、安祖花（Anthuriumandraeanum）和一品红（Euphorbiapulcherrima）3种花卉在萧山区海拔500m山区越夏与海拔9m平原越夏的比较试验,结果显示：山区越夏后,金宝剑的叶片数、叶片长度、叶宽、株高和冠径分别比平原越夏后增长了6．9％,28．6％,7．1％,7．5％和9．7％,叶色较深,生长好又快;安祖花的植株高,花蕾多,叶片深绿、有光泽,其平均株高和单株花蕾数分别比平原越夏后高3．2cm和多0．8个;一品红的平均株高55．8cm,每株最大苞片平均7．8cm,且完全转红,达到市场销售的要求,而平原越夏后则出现下部叶片掉落的现象（平均株高57．1cm,每株最大苞片平均7．2cm）,不完全转红,不能形成成品,达不到市场销售的要求。表明这三种花卉在山区越夏的生长情况都要好于平原越夏。     

酸-酶联用液化法制备小麦淀粉麦芽糖浆的工艺研究

摘要：以小麦淀粉为原料,利用盐酸、中温α【一淀粉酶共同液化进行麦芽糖的制备。采用单因素实验结合正交实验法优化工艺参数。结果表明：酸一酶联用液化法的最佳工艺条件为：淀粉浆料液比（3：10）,5％盐酸添加量12mL,酸化时间12min,温度100℃,浓度为0．0143g／100mL的中温仅一淀粉酶加酶量8ml,酶液化时间30min,pH值5．4,温度64℃,所得液化液DE值为8．12％。通过无机酸与酶法共同液化小麦淀粉得到的液化液DE值控制在具体数值范围内,为以小麦淀粉为原料制备麦芽糖浆的工业生产提供了理论依据,也为下一步对小麦淀粉在板框过滤时出现的困难分析奠定基础。     

Effects of pineapple pomace fibre on physicochemical properties of composite flour and dough,and consumer acceptance of fibre‐enriched wheat bread

Pineapple pomace fibre (PF, containing 70.2% total dietary fibre) can be added to increase dietary fibre of wheat bread. This study was performed to evaluate effects of PF added at 0, 5 or 10% (wheat flour‐basis) on physicochemical properties of the composite flour (wheat flour as the control, CPF‐5 and CPF‐10, respectively) and its dough, to evaluate consumer acceptance of CPF breads and to identify factors affecting willingness to purchase of CPF breads. Incorporating PF affected rheological and pasting properties of CPF. Water‐ and oil‐holding capacity of CPF increased (P < 0.05) as PF levels increased. Bread made with CPF‐5 was more acceptable than that with CPF‐10; however, it was not significantly different from the control, having similar specific volume and texture, but having about three times higher total dietary fibre than the control (4.4% vs. 1.5%). Product label and health benefit information potentially affected consumers' willingness to purchase of fibre‐enriched bread.     

Food uses of pineapple waste and by-products: a review

Waste from fruits and vegetable processing industry is produced in large quantities worldwide and it contains high levels of lignocellulose, fibre, sugar, bioactive and functional compounds. Their utilisation has become one of the main important and challengeable aspects due to the generation of large quantities of by-products including peels, seeds, leaves and unused flesh in different steps of processing chain. Many researches have validated the waste utilisation as novel, low-cost, economical and natural sources of dietary fibre, antioxidants, pectin, enzymes, organic acids, food additives, essential oils, etc. through different methods of extractions, purifications and fermentations. Though, obtaining these by-products from such a variable substrate requires an understanding of the composition of the polysaccharides and their associations within the overall substrate. Focus on the pineapple fruit, scientific and technological studies have already highlighted and confirmed the potential of better and more profitable markets for pineapple wastes. This review is first of all the collection of previous reports about valorisation of food processing waste, deepening the possibilities of pineapple waste utilisation and to promote the integral exploitation of the by-products rich in bioactive compounds, even as multifunctional food ingredients. More in detail, this review aims at identifying those processes that can be implemented even in disadvantaged areas by means of technologies that allow recovering waste directly on site, thus reducing pollution and providing ingredients/food products with high nutritional values that could be integrated into the diet.     

菠萝果肉纤维素水凝胶的制备及对益生菌的包埋与缓释分析

以菠萝果肉纤维素(pineapple pulp cellulose,PPC)为原料,利用离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐(1-butyl-3-methylimidazole chloride,BmimCl)作溶剂,溶解PPC制备菠萝果肉纤维素水凝胶(pineapple pulp cellulose hydrogel,...     

菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物染色的同色性

用诺威克隆FN双活性基活性染料对菠萝纤维、棉纤维和菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物进行染色,分析了染色温度、元明粉用量和纯碱用量对菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物同浴染色时同色性的影响,得到实现同色性的优化染色工艺：染料2%（omf）,元明粉40 g/L,纯碱12 g/L,染色温度60 ℃。     

砷含量测定在蜂蜜掺假鉴别中的应用

目的建立一种通过检测蜂蜜中砷的含量来鉴别大米糖浆掺假的方法。方法检测并比较大量不同来源的大米糖浆和纯正蜂蜜中砷的含量,同时优化了蜂蜜中砷的检测方法,样品以硝酸-微波消解,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定,内标法定量。结果在0~5.0μg/L范围内线性良好,定量限为10μg/kg,10、15和30μg/kg的添加水平的回收率均在83.7%~109.6%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.9%,并确定了蜂蜜中大米糖浆的阳性判定限,砷含量在15μg/kg以上的蜂蜜为大米糖浆掺假蜂蜜。结论该方法前处理简单,结果准确度和精密度高,纯蜂蜜和大米糖浆的中砷的含量差别明显,可用于蜂蜜中大米糖浆的掺假鉴别。     

响应面法优化甘蔗菠萝复合型果酒的酿造工艺

以甘蔗和菠萝为原料制作复合型果酒,以感官评价为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面法优化甘蔗菠萝复合型果酒的酿造工艺。结果表明,甘蔗菠萝复合型果酒的最佳酿造工艺为：甘蔗汁与菠萝汁配比1∶2（V/V）、白砂糖添加量225 g/L、发酵时间7 d、酵母接种量100 g/L、发酵温度26 ℃。在此优化条件下,甘蔗菠萝复合型果酒色泽金黄,澄清透明,感官评分为96.5分,酒精度为10.84%vol,pH值为4.13,糖度为10 °Bx,浊度值为57.9 JTU,细菌总数为75个/mL,其品质指标均符合国家相关标准。