B. F. Skinner: Au-delá de la controverse.

Discusses controversies surrounding the work of B. F. Skinner's influence on various theories of human and animal behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

视错觉及其应用

视觉足人类获取外部信息的最重要方式。但由于人类自身的生理、心理因素以及外界光、形、色等因素的干扰,会产生视觉误差,即视错觉。本章系统的分析了视错觉产生原因,按不同的现象和成因把视错觉分成病理视错觉、动态视错觉、几何视错觉、颜色视错觉、轮廓错觉等5类。在此基础上介绍了视错觉的应用,特别介绍了其在图像融合中的应用,并用matlab实现了图像的融合。     

采油菌株的分离及其特性研究

从采油菌剂及原油中共分离出11株细菌,并对其发酵特性和生理生化特性进行研究。结果表明,分离菌株可以利用石蜡产表面活性物质,但不产气;菌株发酵液的pH值没有明显的变化,对原油有不同程度的乳化作用;Y-1和Y-5为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),Y-2和Y-6为节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),Y-3为棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium),Y-4、J-1、J-2、J-4、J-5和J-6为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)。大多数分离菌株为兼性厌氧菌,具有运动性,不产生硫化氢,能够利用蔗糖、葡萄糖等廉价碳源产生有机酸和气体,这些特性有利于菌株应用于微生物采油。     

Cytochemical investigation of the digestive gland of two strombidae species (Strombus gigas and Strombus pugilis) in relation to the nutrition

Strombus gigas and Strombus pugilis are threatened species and aquaculture represents a good alternative solution to the fishing. In this study, we highlighted the intracellular digestion process in the digestive gland of two Strombidae species, S. gigas and Strombuspugilis, by the cytochemical characterization of two lysosomal enzymes: acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase. In order to check the efficiency of artificial food digestion, we conducted the characterization on freshly collected, starved and artificially fed individuals of S. pugilis. TEM observations of digestive gland sections from freshly collected individuals of both species revealed the presence of acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase activity mostly located in the apical third of digestive cells. Both enzymes were also detected in artificially fed individuals. In response to the starvation, acid phosphatase is not produced anymore by digestive cells, while arylsulfatase is still present. To our knowledge, this is the first cytochemical validation of intracellular digestion of artificial food in Strombidae. This study highlights the intracellular digestion of artificial food developed for Strombidae aquaculture. Moreover, we have shown that the lysosomal activity could be used as a feed index. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The physical and physiological workload of refuse collectors

In order to secure a safer and healthy work situation, the heavy physical loads imposed on 23 refuse collectors (aged 26-54) working in the city of Haarlem, in The Netherlands, were studied in a series of three experiments between 1984 and 1987. The aims were respectively (1) to study the load for workers collecting dustbins or polythene bags; (2) to introduce changes to reduce the load to avoid exceeding the overload criteria by individual refuse collectors; and (3) to investigate the effects of interventions to improve the efficiency of refuse collecting. The maximal isometric lifting force (F_max) and the maximal aerobic power( [Vdot]O_2max of 23 refuse collectors were measured in the laboratory. F_max was measured with an isometric dynamometer pulling with one arm from the floor; the mean value was 912 (± 127)N. VO_2max was measured running on a treadmill; the mean value was 43-3 (±0-8) ml O₂ per kg body mass per min. The physical load on the oxygen transport system was measured through work analysis and by a continuous registration of the heart rate over three working days. Criteria for overload were set at a mean external load of 20% Fm? and a mean energy expenditure of 30% VO_2max and an energy expenditure of 50% VO_2max or more for a maximum of 60 min per day. Replacement of dustbins by polythene bags resulted in a 70% increase in the total amount of refuse collected, an increase in throwing frequency, but a lower mean load per throw, and no significant differences in the mean heart rate over the working day. When polythene bags were used the mean values did not exceed the overload criteria, but 39% of the individual collectors did have a workload that was too high with respect to one of the criteria. In the last experiment the collectors were advised to reduce their work load by (a) lifting no more than two bags at a time; (b) reducing their walking pace; and (c) taking more breaks. Although compliance with the recommendations was good, and the weight lifted and the walking speed decreased, the physiological load remained the same. This may have been caused by a 15% increase in the total amount of refuse that had to be collected at that time.     

施肥水平对日光温室番茄光合生理的影响

试验设计了5个施肥水平以研究对日光温室不同季节(茬口)番茄光合生理的影响。结果表明:随着日光温室番茄生育进程推进,叶绿素含量逐渐降低,叶绿素a/b比值冬春茬呈逐渐降低趋势,而秋冬茬呈逐渐增加趋势。随着施肥量的增加叶绿素含量呈增加趋势,但对叶绿素a/b的比值则影响不大。在5个施肥水平中,理论施肥的叶片光合能力较强,光合作用中的关键酶RUBP羧化酶活性,以及Mg2 -ATPase、Ca2 -ATPase活性较高,尤其中位叶和上位叶的光合能力较高。     

冬青树叶表面的红外光谱特征

用红外衰减全反射技术(ATR)研究了各生长期和不同环境中冬青树叶表面的红外光谱特征.当用黑色塑料袋套在冬青枝条上48 h后,树叶表面的水分有所增加,其它成分变化甚微.当用透明塑料袋套在枝条上48 h后,树叶表面酯类物质的特征峰1 730、1 682 cm-1增加,且峰强度相当.当冬青叶片与甲苯气体接触48 h后,叶片反面酯类物质的特征峰(1 730、1 168、1 039 cm-1)有所减少.同样,叶片正面的酯类物质(1 730、1 168、1 039 cm-1)也有所减少.扫描电镜能谱也证实了叶片反面酯类物质确有减少.     

鲜食核桃研究进展

近年来,鲜食核桃因较高的营养价值以及独特的风味逐渐成为消费时尚。本文综述了鲜食核桃在采收处理、贮藏保鲜以及加工方面的研究现状,同时指出当前鲜食核桃研究的热点与盲点,并对鲜食核桃的发展前景进行了展望,以期为鲜食核桃产品的研究与开发提供参考。      

不同冷藏处理对蟠桃生理品质的影响

为提升蟠桃(Prunus perisica L.)果实冷藏品质,研究了将蟠桃直接置于0℃和预贮6℃5 d后结合不同包装处理(对照、气调包装、气调包装结合乙烯吸收剂)后置于0℃贮藏期间果实品质变化。结果表明,与其他处理相比,预贮结合自发气调及乙烯吸收剂处理可以保持蟠桃果实糖酸及硬度,可以有效维持果实较低的呼吸强度,提高果实中可溶性固形物含量,显著(p<0.05)降低果实腐烂率。