Predicting post-treatment-initiation alcohol use among patients with severe mental illness and alcohol use disorders.

Few investigators studying alcohol abuse among individuals with a severe mental illness (SMI) have examined predictors of posttreatment alcohol outcomes. In the present study, a multivariate approach based on a theoretical model was used to study the relationship between psychosocial factors and post-treatment-initiation alcohol use. Predictors of alcohol use outcomes were examined in 278 individuals diagnosed with a current schizophrenia-spectrum or bipolar disorder and an alcohol use disorder (AUD). At 6-months follow-up, 144 of 228 available participants (63%) had good clinical outcomes. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that type of pretreatment residential setting was directly related to treatment, with participants who lived in supervised settings (41%) reporting significantly more days of treatment (β = .34, p     

C＋＋和Matcom混合编程在数值计算编程的应用

介绍了C builder环境下C 和Matcom混合编程方法，这种方法不仅可以方便地处理程序的前后处理部分，而且大大简化了数值计算算法的实现，同时运用该方法，编制了可视化的单桩计算程序。     

Verhalten geschweißter Magnesiumlegierungen unter mechanisch‐korrosiver Komplexbeanspruchung

Corrosion and corrosion fatigue of welded magnesium alloys In addition to the prevalent use of magnesium cast alloys a high potential for lightweight constructions is offered by magnesium‐wrought alloys, in particular in the automobile industry. The use of rolled and/or extruded magnesium alloys (profiles and sheet metals) requires suitable and economic join technologies like different welding procedures in order to join semi finished parts. Thus, the realization of lightweight constructions asks for high standards of materials‐ and joining‐technologies. In this context, the mechanical properties as well as the corrosion behaviour of the joints are of large interest. During welding of magnesium alloys, influences concerning the surface, the internal stresses and the microstructure occur. These influences particularly depend on the energy input and thus, on the welding procedure as well as the processing parameters, which all affect the corrosion behaviour of the joints. Sheets of magnesium alloys (AZ31, AZ61, AZ91) were joined with different welding procedures (plasma‐, laser beam‐ and electron‐beam welding in the vacuum and at atmosphere). The corrosion behaviour (with and without cyclic mechanical loading) of the welded joints was investigated by different methods such as corrosion tests, polarisation curves, scanning electron microscopy and metallography. Furthermore, substantial influencing variables on the corrosion behaviour of welded joints of magnesium alloys are pointed out and measures are presented, which contribute to the improvement of the corrosion behaviour.     

Effect of posttreatment on morphology and properties of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) microporous hollow fiber via thermally induced phase separation

Poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) hollow fiber membranes were prepared by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process. Water, methanol, and acetone were used to extract the diluents in the fibers, respectively. Bigger shrinkage of fibers during extractant evaporation was observed when water or methanol was used. Their interaction parameters with EVOH were calculated via Hansen solubility, respectively. The mechanism of hollow fiber volume shrinkage was discussed. It was found that affinity of the extractant with polymer was the critical factor except for the surface tension of extractant. Through the X‐ray diffraction analysis during extraction and evaporation, the crystallization behavior of the polymer was studied. From the SEM photos, it was observed that the volume shrinkage was derived from the collapse of porous structure. The fiber sample extracted by acetone had similar morphology with the sample freeze‐dried. The gas and water permeability were also measured and the results were coincident with the morphology of fibers and shrinkage data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 4106–4112, 2007     

Indicators of Client Engagement: Influences on Alcohol Treatment Satisfaction and Outcomes.

This investigation explored the relationship of client engagement variables (client expectations, therapeutic/working alliance, and session attendance) with treatment satisfaction and posttreatment drinking-related outcomes using data from 2 outpatient alcohol treatment studies (N = 208). Path analysis was used to test a model in which engagement variables jointly influence client satisfaction with treatment and subsequent drinking-related outcomes. The proposed model fit well with the data and accounted for 14-23% of the variance in posttreatment outcomes. The relationships in the model suggest that the link between treatment satisfaction and outcome is clarified by examining client engagement variables, which relate indirectly to outcome by means of client satisfaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Working Alliance, Treatment Satisfaction, and Patterns of Posttreatment Use Among Adolescent Substance Users.

This longitudinal study examined the relationships among the working alliance, treatment satisfaction, and posttreatment use among adolescents in treatment for substance abuse. Adolescents (N = 600) from the Cannabis Youth Treatment study (M. L. Dennis et al., 2002) completed measures of working alliance and treatment satisfaction as well as substance use and substance-related problems at intake and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 30 months' postintake. When controlling for initial substance use and substance-related problems, working alliance, but not treatment satisfaction, predicted use at 3 and 6 months' postintake. Neither working alliance nor treatment satisfaction were predictive of longitudinal patterns of posttreatment use. Implications for the assessment of working alliance and treatment satisfaction are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction to Lovallo and Pishkin.

Reports an error in the original article by William R. Lovallo and Vladimir Pishkin (Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 1980[Jun], Vol 38[6], pp. 963-971). Lovallo and Pishkin's article carried the APA copyright notice. However, the article was prepared as part of the authors' official duties with the federal government, and therefore the copyright notice should not have appeared. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1981-12817-001.) 42 medical students, ages 20-35 yrs, were classified in either Type A or Type B groups to test D. C. Glass's (1977) assertions (a) that Type A Ss would initially react to uncontrollable noise with increased coping efforts, as indexed by improved task performance on pretreatment tasks, and (b) that following exposure they would react with decreased coping, as measured by poor performance on a final task. Type B's were predicted to perform consistently throughout. Instead, Type B's showed initial coping attempts during exposure to uncontrollability and showed decreased coping following exposure, whereas A's performed consistently throughout. It is concluded that Type A and B persons do react differently to a threat to their control of a situation, but that this experimental paradigm may lack the precision necessary to elucidate the psychological factors motivating the behavior of the coronary-prone individual. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

三种不同后处理方式对ZrO2薄膜性能的影响

采用有氧热处理、激光预处理和离子后处理三种方式对电子束蒸发(EBE)制备的单层ZrO2薄膜进行了后处理,并分别对样品的光学性能和抗激光损伤阈值(LIDT)特性进行了研究.实验结果表明,热处理方式可以有效排除膜层内吸附的水气,弥补薄膜制备过程中的氧损失,使得光谱短移、吸收减小、损伤阈值增高;激光预处理过程可以在一定程度上减少缺陷、提高损伤阂值,但对膜层的光谱和吸收情况没有明显的改善作用;而离子后处理能够提高膜层的堆积密度、减少缺陷、降低吸收从而提高损伤阚值.由于三种方式处理机制不同,在实际应用中应根据膜层的性能选择合适的处理方式.     

后处理对电纺氧化钛复合纤维表面形貌的影响

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的乙醇溶液与钛酸正丁酯为前驱体溶液,采用静电纺丝法制备氧化钛复合纤维,经空气中水解聚合、浸水和煅烧等后处理分别得到表面粗糙的氧化钛复合纤维和氧化钛无机纤维;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TG)对所制得纤维的表面形貌、结构和组成进行表征.结果表明:初纺的氧化钛复合纤维经过与空气中水分进行水解聚合后,纤维内部形成了不溶于水的骨架结构,使其浸水后仍能保持纤维形貌;同时复合纤维中水溶性成分的去除,使纤维表面形成粗糙结构,这种纤维的表面粗糙结构可通过不同温度煅烧进行调节,同时煅烧后得到氧化钛无机纤维.     

光催化法处理制药废水应用研究进展

光催化处理制药废水的处理效果、经济性、高效性以及工艺工业化应用规模等根本上都依赖于光反应数学模型的发展来推动,介绍了建立在处理实际制药废水试验基础上的光反应数学模型。阐明光催化法在制药废水处理中作为预处理、单独处理和后续处理的作用机理、去除对象及工艺特点。光催化反应中间产物可能比原污染物毒性更大、化学结构更趋稳定和可降解能力更差,所以在试验研究中应重视对反应中间产物的种类、数量及其性质的监测和控制。加强对反应的路线、机理和反应动力学的研究,是确保制药废水良好去除效果和作为环境友好型水处理技术的核心。并就目前国外已取得的科研成果进行概括和总结,指出对制药废水进行光催化处理所面临和亟需解决的关键性问题。