Isolation of antimicrobial agent from the marine algae Cystoseira hakodatensis

Cystoseira hakodatensis is an unutilised brown algae belonging to family Sargassaceae. A crude methanol extract from the algae showed inhibitory effects on the growths of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis. To isolate the major antimicrobial agent, a sequential active‐guided isolation procedure was applied: liquid–liquid extraction, column chromatography and bio‐autography. A marked antimicrobial agent (active α) was isolated in hydrophobic fraction and was determined to phenolics without carbohydrates and proteins by phytochemical test. Regarding the antimicrobial potential, the isolated active α showed better inhibitory effects against B. cereus and B. licheniformis at 2 and 4 times of lower concentrations (62.5 and 31.3 μg mL^?1) in comparison with epigallocatechin gallate. These results showed that C. hakodatensis is a potential source of antimicrobial agent capable of preventing the growth of the two bacteria.     

Critical-point drying versus freeze drying for scanning electron microscopy: a quantitative and qualitative study on isolated hepatocytes

Critical-point drying and freeze drying were compared both quantitatively and qualitatively as preparative procedures for scanning electron microscopy. Isolated hepatocytes were used as model cells. Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy was used for light microscopic measurements of the hepatocytes in the unfixed, the glutaraldehyde fixed, the glutaraldehyde + OsO₄ fixed, the critical-point dried and the freeze dried states. Critical-point dried hepatocytes were found to shrink to 38% of glutaraldehyde + OsO₄ fixed volume, whereas optimal freeze dried hepatocytes (frozen in water saturated with chloroform and freeze dried at 183 K for 84 h) were found to shrink to 51% of glutaraldehyde + OsO₄ fixed volume. Transmission and scanning electron micrographs of the critical-point dried cells showed well-preserved ultrastructure and surface structure. Micrographs of the freeze dried cells showed ultrastructure destroyed by internal ice crystals and surface structure destroyed by external ice crystals. Double-fixed isolated hepatocytes were shown to swell during storage in buffer and to shrink during storage after critical-point drying. For low magnification scanning electron microscopy (up to about 3000 times) both critical-point drying and freeze drying can be used. However, for high magnification scanning electron microscopy, critical-point drying is superior to freeze drying.     

The Challenge of the Market

Identifying markets for new or improved products for minor crops threatened with extinction is one critical component of any strategy intended to enhance prospects for sustainable production and use. Typically, however, activities linked to the sustainability of these commodities avoid addressing questions associated with assessing their commercial potential. After a brief review of this avoidance syndrome, this article presents a sample of practical, low-cost procedures to help evaluate the market prospects and procedures for crops like quinoa, while citing references to other methodological materials covering similar topics.     

An Electron Spin Resonance Study of Evolution of Organic Free Radicals in Irradiated Pepper During Heat Treatment

ABSTRACT: The thermal evolution behavior of the organic free radicals induced in irradiated black pepper was studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. To analyze the time-dependent evolution process, we used the theory of transient phenomena, that is, an ordinal differential equation, as well as the nonlinear least squares numerical method. We found that the radical evolution that occurred in the irradiated pepper obeys a single exponential function and yields a unique time constant. The evolution of the organic free radical undergoes a simple reaction process of a single radical species.     

网络安全之解析与防范

在网络中,恶意程序、流氓软件、木马黑客等随处可见,搞得我们提心吊胆,生怕自己的爱机遭遇伤害或信息外露,或卡号被盗取等的灾难面临。因此,查、杀、防毒意识就被提升到了一个空前的高度。     

高含硫油气田钻井作业HSE管理体系

健康、安全与环境管理体系（简称HSE管理体系）是国际石油勘探开发行业健康管理、安全管理、环境管理的一种系统方法,通过实施评价和风险管理,达到保障员工健康,保证安全生产,保护环境的目的。对于含硫气田钻井作业,任何可能发生的危险、危害都可能导致发生事故。在立足于事实和实践的基础上,完成了高含硫气田钻井作业HSE管理体系的步骤,通过体系的实施,能更加明确责任,提高HSE整体管理的水平和效率的可行性和重要性。     

掺硼金刚石薄膜电极电化学氧化对铜绿微囊藻的生长抑制

阳极材料采用掺硼金刚石薄膜板状电极,研究了电化学氧化中电流密度、电解时间、pH、氯离子浓度、硫酸根离子浓度对铜绿微囊藻生长抑制的影响,以及电解前后藻细胞形态的变化。结果表明,4个影响因素对铜绿微囊藻生长抑制效果显著。抑藻效果随电流密度、电解时间的增加而增加,电流密度为17 mA/cm²时藻细胞出现破裂、细胞内物质流出的现象,抑藻效果较好;当电解时间为20 min时,可完全抑制藻细胞生长;再增大电解时间,对抑藻效果无明显促进作用,初始pH在中性及酸性条件下可完全抑制藻细胞生长。抑藻效果与溶液中氯离子、硫酸根离子浓度成正相关,当溶液中氯离子浓度为6 mg/L时,可完全抑制藻细胞生长;无氯离子时,藻细胞在4 d后出现继续增长现象。     

储油罐防腐涂料选用及施工方法

储油罐防腐分为内防腐和外防腐。防腐涂料的选用应按照有关标准严格要求执行才能确保质量。根据规范要求储油罐内壁应选用导静电涂料，油罐外壁涂层应有较长的使用年限，宜选用防锈性好的底漆，屏蔽性佳的中涂漆和保光保色性好、耐候性佳、易覆涂和维修的面漆。储油罐机械和防腐修理过程中应按照规定严格执行涂料施工方法，并经检测合格后方可投入使用。     

Co/Cr/Pd多层膜的磁性及其准确性

研究了测量程序对不同Cr层厚度的Co／Cr／Pd多层膜磁性的影响，分析了反磁化机理在不同测量程序中对磁性准确性的影响。     

与协议无关的Socket程序设计方法研究

IPv4向IPv6的演进是Internet发展的趋势,两种网络共存是一个漫长的过程,但是目前大部分应用程序都是基于IPv4的,如何将现有的应用程序平滑移植到IPv6网络成为急需解决的问题.分析了在Windows系统下通过WinsoekAPI实现二者兼容的方案,用实例阐述了Socket应用程序从IPv4向IPv6移植的方法及原则,方法简单有效,同时一定程度上实现了SocketAPI层的协议无关性.