Antibacterial activity of different essential oils obtained from spices widely used in Mediterranean diet

Raw and processed foods are open to contamination during their production, sale and distribution. At present, therefore, a wide variety of chemical preservatives are used throughout the food industry to prevent the growth of food spoiling bacteria. However health and economic considerations have led to a search for alternatives, such as essentials oils that can safely be used as substitutes for fungicides and bactericides to partially or completely inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria. The aim of this work was to determine the effectiveness of the essentials oils from oregano (Origanum vulgare), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis), cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) on the growth of some bacteria commonly used in the food industry, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus sakei, Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus or related to food spoilage Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter amnigenus. The agar disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activities of the oils. All six essential oils analysed had an inhibitory effect on the six tested bacteria. Oregano essential oil showed the highest inhibition effect followed by cumin and clove.     

Influence of chitosan/clay functional bionanocomposite activated with rosemary essential oil on the shelf life of fresh silver carp

A combination of chitosan biopolymer, nanoclay and rosemary essential oil was prepared as a functional bionanocomposite (FBN). Its ability to improve the shelf life of refrigerated (4 ± 1 °C) silver carp fillets was studied. The fresh fillets were left untreated as a control or coated with chitosan, chitosan/clay bionanocomposite and chitosan/clay/rosemary essential oil (Ch/clay/REO) FBN. Then, they were evaluated for chemical, microbial and sensory properties over 16‐day storage. The samples coated with the FBN had the lowest pH and total volatile basic nitrogen. Ch/clay/REO coating efficiently retarded lipid oxidation by decreasing peroxide, free fatty acid and thiobarbituric acid production in the samples. The coating also reduced total viable and psychrotrophic count of the fillets more than 1.5 log by the end of storage.     

Characterisation of the Essential Oils of some Cultivated Aromatic Plants of Industrial Interest

The compositions of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L, Salvia lavandulifolia V and Lavandula latifolia M, obtained by steam distillation from plants cultivated in the northeast of Spain, have been studied by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The essential oil of rosemary appears to be more complex and richer in flavour notes than other previously studied Spanish rosemary oils, and has an intermediate ratio of α-pinene and of 1,8-cineole in relation to essential oils of rosemary of different geographical origins, but higher proportions of camphor, verbenone and linalool. The essential oil of sage has proportions of 1,8-cineole, camphor, endo-borneol, trans-caryophyllene and α-humulene closer to commercial Salvia officinalis L than to other Spanish sages of different geographical locations, and the difference from commercial Salvia officinalis L is due principally to the higher ratio of terpene hydrocarbons and the lower proportion of thujone in the Spanish sage studied here. The essential oil of the spike lavender has the same main components and similar proportions as other Spanish wild and commercial spike lavender essen-tial oils, but shows differences in the nature of the minor components (rhodinol fraction).     

不同加工方法下丹参花茶的质量评价

目的:研究丹参非传统药用部位花的制茶工艺,以及不同加工条件下丹参花茶的主要化学成分分析和感官评价。方法:于盛花期采摘紫花丹参花蕾和开放初花,采用正交试验设计不同制茶工艺,采用紫外分光光度计测量制得花茶中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖、总多酚、氨基酸以及总黄酮含量,进一步采用HPLC法检测丹参花茶中迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B、丹参素的含量,并进行了相应的方法学考察。结果:丹参花茶中含有较高的总多酚,具体成分以迷迭香酸为主,含有少量的游离氨基酸、黄酮、多糖以及微量的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素。结论:采摘丹参花蕾利用微波杀青、微波干燥,可以保留较多活性成分,同时具有较好的外观和口感。     

迷迭香在烹调肉类食物中的应用研究

文章依据传统烹饪技艺,详细论述了3种肉类菜肴的工艺流程和关键点,重点研究添加速迭香前后3种肉类菜肴的品质差异.实验结果表明,速迭香的抗氧化性可以改善肉质的颜色和质感,所含挥发性物质可以改善肉类食品的风味.     

Effectiveness of synthetic and potential natural antioxidants in improving the stability of sheep's anhydrous butter fat during long-term storage

Sheep's anhydrous butter fat as prepared by including separately heat grits, turmeric, rosemary, sage, rue and fennel at a level of 75 g dry matter kg^?1 butter. The product as stored at room temperature in clear glass jars for a period of one year. The storage stabilities of the anhydrous butter fat samples ere compared ith a control and ith a sample treated ith a 1:1 mixture of BHA and BHT at a level of 0.25 g kg^?1. Both storage time and type of treatment had highly significant effects (P?0.01) on the peroxide value and free fatty acid content of the product. None of the treatments succeeded in keeping the peroxide value belo 5 mEq O₂ kg^?1 beyond the fourth month of storage. The BHA-BHT mixture and rosemary helped extend the peroxide induction period to 10 and 6 months respectively. Turmeric and heat grits ere as effective as BHA-BHT in controlling the oxidative rancidity during the first four months of storage. The rest of the herbs exhibited a pro-oxidant effect throughout the study hen they ere used separately. In a second experiment, some cases of positive synergistic interactions ere observed beteen turmeric and heat grits on one hand and the herbs used in the study on the other. This pattern as not regular as negative interactions ere also observed in some other cases. Free fatty acid content of all the samples remained belo 10 g kg^?1 as oleic acid; hoever, fennel had a significant (P?0.05) effect on controlling the evolution of free fatty acids.     

复合添加剂对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果研究

采用混料设计法对复合防腐剂对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用进行回归分析得出:乳酸链球菌素(Nisin),壳聚糖(chitosan),迷迭香提取物(rosemary extract)三种防腐剂两两之间都存在着显著的增效作用.同时得出三者的最佳配方为:Nisin的添加水平为0.015％、壳聚糖为0.055％、迷迭香提取物为0.0...     

迷迭香脂溶性抗氧化剂总酚测定及其稳定性研究

以没食子酸为对照品,建立了基于福林-酚(Folin-Ciocalteu)试剂显色法(F-C法)定量检测超临界二氧化碳萃取的脂溶性迷迭香抗氧化剂中总酚的方法,进一步考察了上述抗氧化剂及其在不同溶剂中的总酚含量的存放稳定性.结果表明:上述所建立的方法用于枪测脂溶性迷迭香抗氧化剂中总酚的含量稳定可靠;上述抗氧化剂室温下储藏稳定性非常好,在8个月内总酚含量依然十分稳定;室温下在不同溶剂中的存放稳定性则依溶剂不同而明显不同.在四氢呋喃、甲醇、N,N-二甲基酰胺中,随着放置时间的延长,总酚含量不断下降,并且下降明显;在乙醇中,总酚含量在11天内基本维持稳定,此后随时间的延长逐渐缓慢降低;在乙腈中,即使放置长达25天,总酚含量也几乎不变,表现出极好的稳定性.     

迷迭香抗氧化提取物的应用研究

以迷迭香为原料采用有机溶剂萃取法提取其中的抗氧化成分Rao,用碘量法检测了Rao对油脂(猪油、豆油)的抗氧化作用,结果表明,Rao具有较强的抗油脂氧化性能。另外,用滤纸片法和平板培养法研究了Rao的抑菌作用,结果证明,Rao对常见致病菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、金色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌)有较强的抑(杀)菌作用,对霉菌也有一定的抑制作用。     

The effects of rosemary extract combination with vacuum packing on the quality changes of Atlantic mackerel fish burgers

The effects of the use of antioxidant technology on the quality of mackerel burgers stored at 4 °C were investigated in terms of sensory, biochemical [thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acids (FFA)] and microbiological analyses [total viable count (TVC)]. Fish meat was divided into three groups; the control (C) without rosemary extract, the second group with 0.4% rosemary extracts (Group A) and the third with 0.8% rosemary extracts (Group B). Results showed that the TVB‐N level did not exceed acceptability limit (30–35 mg 100 g^?1) for all groups. TBA value for the control significantly increased from 1.47 to 4.80 MA kg^?1 whereas it slightly increased in treatment groups as the storage time increased. Significantly higher PV and FFA (P < 0.05) were obtained from the control group. Rosemary extract, in combination with vacuum pack was effective in controlling the growth of bacteria and biochemical indices.