A handheld sensor assay for the identification of grouper as a safeguard against seafood mislabeling fraud

Increases in international trade and global seafood consumption, along with fluctuations in the supply of different seafood species, have resulted in fraudulent product mislabeling. Grouper species, due to their high demand and varied commercial availability, are common targets for mislabeling by exploiting inefficient inspection practices. Compounding this problem is the fact that there are currently 64 species of fish from eleven different genera allowed to be labeled “grouper” per U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines. This wide diversity makes it difficult for regulators to discern legally salable groupers from restricted species. To obviate taxonomic misidentification when relying on external phenotypic characteristics, regulatory agencies are now employing genetic authentication methods which typically offer species-level resolution. However, standard genetic methods such as DNA barcoding require technical expertise and long turnover times, and the required instrumentation is not amenable for on-site analysis of seafood. To obviate some of these limitations, we have developed a handheld genetic sensor that employs a real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay (RT-NASBA) previously devised in our lab, for the analysis of fish tissue in the field. The base RT-NASBA assay was validated using a lab-based, benchtop RNA purification method as well as non-portable, commercial RT-NASBA analyzer. Described herein, is an uncomplicated method for purifying RNA from fish tissue in the field, which had similar efficiency to the benchtop method demonstrated through direct comparisons. We have also demonstrated that the field sensor is only slightly less sensitive than the benchtop instrument, and could discern 80.3% of groupers (no target sequence available for three species) on the 2014 FDA Seafood List from potential impostors. The complete field assay requires fewer than 80 min for completion and can be performed outside of the lab in its entirety.     

Storage Changes of Fresh and Pasteurized Blue Crab Meat in Different Types of Packaging

We investigated pasteurization and storage of blue crabmeat in steel cans, aluminum cans, plastic cans, nonbarrier pouches, and barrier pouches. Fresh meat was packed in copolymer polyethylene/polypro-pylene cups, Saran® over-wrapped or vacuum skin packaged polystyrene trays, and nonbarrier pouches. Meat pasteurized in plastic and aluminum cans had better sensory and microbiological quality and longer shelf life than meat packed in steel cans. Oxygen-barrier pouches had the lowest quality and shortest shelf life. Nonbarrier pouches had product with quality similar to meat in steel cans, but with an extended shelf life. No packaging materials improved the microbiological shelf life of freshly cooked meat. Vacuum skin packaging resulted in improved sensory qualities of freshly cooked and picked meat.     

A/O结合循环式活性污泥法处理海产品加工废水

针对海产品加工废水氨氮含量较高的特点。舟山兴业有限公司的污水处理工程采用两段A/O结合循环式活性污泥法工艺，工程验收合格后运行一年多来，排放废水的各项污染指标均达到国家《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）的二级标准，处理系统具有很好的抗冲击能力和脱氮效果。     

蛮珍海错美天下——浅谈如东海鲜菜的美的感知

如东海鲜菜肴具有悠久的历史和鲜明的特色,菜肴以鲜为核心,美学内涵十分丰富,其中味鲜之美、恬淡之美、调和之美是如东海鲜菜肴美学思想中的最主要因素。如东海鲜菜之所以特色鲜明,与其兼容并蓄的饮食文化以及美学意蕴密不可分。     

Total mercury levels in crustacean species from Italian fishery

This study investigated mercury contamination levels in eight commercially valuable crustacean species caught off the Central Adriatic and Tyrrhenian coasts of Italy. Total mercury levels were measured by Thermal Decomposition-Amalgamation-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results showed a high variability among species with values ranging from 0.070 to 1.24 (mg kg^?1 wet weight). The lowest mercury levels were detected in caramote prawn (Penaeus kerathurus), warty crab (Eriphia verrucosa) and European spider crab (Maja squinado), decapods living in shallow waters. Levels exceeding the limits established by the European Commission were found in species living in close contact with bottom sediments: deepwater rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris), blue and red shrimp (Aristeus antennatus) and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). For shrimps, the inter-individual variability observed was mostly related to the body size, indicating the accumulation of mercury with age. An estimation of the human intake of mercury associated to the consumption of the crustaceans sampled and its comparison with the Tolerable Weekly Intake are provided.     

扇贝裙边水解液制备海鲜酱的加工工艺

以扇贝裙边为主要原料,选用中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和酸性蛋白酶对其进行酶解.然后将水解液浓缩,再配以各种辅料,研制一种营养丰富的新型海鲜酱.其调配比例为:水解液55%、白糖8%、料酒2%、食盐8%、味精0.5%、淀粉4%、老抽酱油4%、辣椒油4%、胡椒粉1.5%、麻油0.5%.     

对虾原肌球蛋白致敏小鼠模型的构建及乳酸菌肠黏膜免疫效应对致敏性的影响

以原肌球蛋白（tropomyosin,TM）为主要过敏原,腹腔注射6 周龄BALB/c雌、雄小鼠,从第14天开始给治疗组小鼠口服灌胃长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种（Bifidobacterium longum subsp.）1.2202或芽孢乳酸菌09.712（Bacillus coagulans 09.712）,连续灌胃20 d。根据小鼠腹泻情况、过敏症状评分、血清中组胺（histamine,HIS）质量浓度、TM特异性免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin,Ig）E水平变化构建TM致敏及益生菌治疗小鼠模型;通过氯乙酸萘酚酯酶染色、高碘酸希夫试剂特殊染色法检测各组小鼠肠道部位的肥大细胞和杯状细胞,通过免疫组化法检测各组小鼠肠道部位的CD4＋ T细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞;探究肠黏膜免疫在TM致敏及益生菌缓解TM致敏作用中的机理。结果表明：雌性小鼠更适用于构建TM致敏模型;益生菌灌胃可以通过降低血清中HIS质量浓度和IgE水平缓解肠黏膜免疫反应,减轻TM过敏症状。本研究从肠黏膜免疫反应角度探究了其在TM致敏中的作用,为食物过敏的研究提供参考。     

二阶导数恒能量同步荧光法快速测定海产品中的苯并(a)芘

海产品中的多环芳烃主要来自于水体污染,而苯并(a)芘是公认的多环芳烃指标,本文针对海产品中的苯并(a)芘含量的检测,建立了简单快速的海产品中的苯并(a)芘含量的二阶导数恒能量同步荧光检测法。海产品样品经过微波辅助皂化萃取后,正己烷萃取液被旋蒸干,后再溶解于二氯甲烷溶液中,以二阶导数恒能量同步荧光光谱法检测,设定恒能量差为1400 cm-1,扫描范围为300~500 nm,对其中的苯并(a)芘进行快速检测,根据海产品样品的谱图特性,用负峰-基线法读荧光强度值,连续标准加入法进行定量分析,整个光谱扫描所需时间只需1 min。对实际样品检测回收率在80.5%~118.2%之间,检测限为0.10μg/kg,定量限为0.34μg/kg,线性范围为0.34~250μg/kg。对海产品样品的荧光检测结果与HPLC-FL检测结果基本一致,对有证多环芳烃标准物质的检测结果与参考值一致。