Aplysia sea hare assimilation of secondary metabolites from brown seaweed,Stypopodium zonale

JuvenileAplysia dactylomela were found feeding in abundance on the tropical brown algaStypopodium zonale, a seaweed previously shown to contain numerous unique terpene-quinone natural products. Lipid extracts of these herbivorous mollusks were shown by TLC and HPLC-NMR analyses to contain appreciable quantities of twoS. zonale metabolites as well as one new but closely related compound. Spectroscopic analyses of the new compound in concert with functional group modifications identified this new compound as 3-keto epitaondiol. A careful analysis of the seaweed extract failed to locate this ketone, and thus, it most likely represents anAplysia-biotransformed compound. This is the first clear reported observation of metabolite transfer between an alga of the phylum Phaeophyta and a sea hare.     

膜法提取甘露醇过程中膜的微生物污染及其控制

报告了海藻工业膜集成技术提取甘露醇工业化生产过程中膜的微生物污染及其控制的研究结果和长期运行的措施、经验．研究和运行结果表明，膜法提取甘露醇过程，极易发生微生物污染，且发展迅猛，危害严重．影响微生物污染的因素比较复杂，其主要因素是料液水温、含盐浓度、系统设计和运行状况；与常规膜法水处理过程不同，控制发生微生物污染，除了监控进料液SDI指标外，还要求控制进料液内菌群总数小于或等于2000cfv／mL；需重视清洗和杀菌消毒系统设计，确保清洗、杀菌剂能充满一切管阀、部件空间并清洗到每一个部分；选用尽量简短的工艺流程和抗污染膜组件；采用经济、有效、安全的杀菌剂并按规范程序进行消毒，只要严格按上述措施操作就可控制其微生物污染，保障系统稳妥运行．     

四种生物吸附剂对铀的吸附性能研究

以保护环境为目的,以寻求廉价而有效的生物吸附材料为出发点,研究了啤酒酵母菌、北海海草、榕树叶、杉树皮等4种吸附剂对铀的吸附性能的影响。结果表明:4种吸附剂对低浓度铀具有很好的富集作用,其吸附率都在99%以上;每种吸附剂都存在1个最适pH值和1个最佳投放质量浓度,依次对应为4.0—5.0,4—4.5,3.5—4.0,3.0—4.0和10,12,8,10 g/L;4种生物吸附剂对铀吸附符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温方程,且吻合良好;另外4种吸附剂对铀的吸附在吸附量之间存在较大差别,在同一平衡浓度下,吸附量大小顺序为:啤酒酵母菌>榕树叶>北海海草>杉树皮。     

Enzymatic extraction of fucoxanthin from brown seaweeds

Brown seaweeds contain a number of bioactive compounds. The xanthophyll, fucoxanthin, has in vivo efficacy against disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Organic solvents are traditionally employed to extract fucoxanthin, but carry a toxic chemical and environmental burden. The aim of this study was to optimise a fucoxanthin extraction method using enzymes, water, low‐temperature dehydration and mechanical blending, to produce yields comparable to those achieved with an organic solvent (acetone). Response surface methodology was applied, using Fucus vesiculosus as a model species. A fucoxanthin yield of 0.657 mg g^?1 (dry mass) was obtained from F. vesiculosus blade using the enzymatic method, equivalent to 94% of the acetone‐extracted yield. Optimum extraction parameters were determined to be enzyme‐to‐water ratio 0.52%, seaweed‐to‐water ratio 5.37% and enzyme incubation time 3.05 h. These findings may be applied to the development of value‐added nutraceutical products from seaweed.     

中科成污水处理厂升级改造工程方案与分析

针对污水处理厂进水受工业废水影响导致COD_(Cr)难去除的问题,通过现场中试,提出增加活性砂过滤-臭氧接触氧化的深度处理工艺,可将出水水质由GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准提高到一级A标准。重点介绍了升级改造工程方案设计,给出了设计参数及投资运行成本。     

Potential process ‘hurdles’ in the use of macroalgae as feedstock for biofuel production in the British Isles

This review examines the potential technical and energy balance hurdles in the production of seaweed biofuel, and in particular for the MacroBioCrude processing pipeline for the sustainable manufacture of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from seaweed in the UK. The production of biofuel from seaweed is economically, energetically and technically challenging at scale. Any successful process appears to require both a method of preserving the seaweed for continuous feedstock availability and a method exploiting the entire biomass. Ensiling and gasification offer a potential solution to these two requirements. However there is need for more data particularly at a commercial scale. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Co-Sn单相合金深过冷凝固时Co3Sn2 相生长形貌的演变机制

开展了(Co₆₀Sn₄₀)_100-xNb_x (x=0,0.4,0.6,0.8,at%)单相合金的深过冷凝固实验,研究了Co₃Sn₂相生长形貌的演变机制。结果表明,在小过冷度下,Co₃Sn₂相在x=0,0.4以海藻状的模式进行生长,随着添加的Nb含量增加至0.6at%,其生长形貌转变为树枝晶,并在x=0.8进一步转变为分形海藻晶,这主要是由于界面能各向异性和动力学各向异性的变化。随着过冷度的增加,(Co₆₀Sn₄₀)_99.4Nb_0.6合金中Co₃Sn₂相生长形貌在过冷度大于28 K时从树枝晶转变为分形海藻,当过冷度高于143 K时转变为密集海藻。少量的Nb添加在小过冷度和中间过冷度时能提高Co₃Sn₂相的生长速度,但是在大过冷度下会显著降低生长速度。Co₃Sn₂相生长速度随过冷度变化规律的转变对应其生长形貌从分形海藻向密集海藻的转变。     

海藻化工以氢氧化钙作为钙化剂的新型钙化工艺研究

研究了海藻化工中以氢氧化钙作为钙化剂的新型钙化工艺,使用氢氧化钙+氯化钙作为褐藻酸钠的钙化剂替代传统的单一氯化钙。确定的双钙钙化工艺条件：每升褐藻酸钠胶液（褐藻酸钠质量浓度为2.5 g/L）,添加氯化钙溶液29.0 mL（质量分数为5%）,添加氢氧化钙溶液13.75 mL（质量分数为5%）,复合钙化剂中氯化钙与氢氧化钙物质的量比为1.19∶1。与传统工艺相比,新型钙化工艺褐藻酸钠的产率未有明显变化,得到的褐藻酸钠粘度稍有降低,粘度由275.1 mPa·s降低至241.3 mPa·s;氯化钙使用量降低40%以上,总钙添加量减少19%。双钙钙化工艺实现了对钙化废水的再利用,废水中钙质量浓度经处理由483 mg/L降到20 mg/L左右,电导率由6.84 mS/cm降至4.28 mS/cm;经脱钙处理的钙化废水回用后对产品褐藻酸钠的产率和粘度没有显著影响。新工艺操作简单,不仅有效减少了钙化废水中离子的引入,同时可以实现低成本地脱钙,脱钙后的废水可以作为冲稀水回收利用,减少了水资源的消耗,为海藻化工行业的减排提供了一条新的工艺途径。     

利用发酵提高海带饲料的营养价值

试验以海带为主要原料,以琼氏不动杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌组成的混合菌种为发酵菌种,研究了不同培养基、发酵条件对海带发酵产物中粗蛋白含量和褐藻胶剩余量的影响.结果表明,添加麸皮4%、尿素0.4%、K2HPO4·3H2O 0.3%、MgSO4·7H2O 0.15%、初始pH值为7.0、摇床转速180r/min时,发酵产物中褐藻胶剩余量由1.71%降低为0.88%,粗蛋白含量由1.21%提高为5.63%.