首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   2631篇
  免费   432篇
  国内免费   145篇
电工技术   17篇
综合类   144篇
化学工业   545篇
金属工艺   94篇
机械仪表   37篇
建筑科学   68篇
矿业工程   146篇
能源动力   125篇
轻工业   761篇
水利工程   27篇
石油天然气   301篇
武器工业   2篇
无线电   51篇
一般工业技术   182篇
冶金工业   525篇
原子能技术   131篇
自动化技术   52篇
  2024年   17篇
  2023年   77篇
  2022年   154篇
  2021年   184篇
  2020年   151篇
  2019年   141篇
  2018年   100篇
  2017年   127篇
  2016年   134篇
  2015年   107篇
  2014年   151篇
  2013年   254篇
  2012年   214篇
  2011年   175篇
  2010年   131篇
  2009年   111篇
  2008年   99篇
  2007年   159篇
  2006年   115篇
  2005年   91篇
  2004年   73篇
  2003年   61篇
  2002年   52篇
  2001年   41篇
  2000年   62篇
  1999年   31篇
  1998年   26篇
  1997年   24篇
  1996年   13篇
  1995年   28篇
  1994年   20篇
  1993年   19篇
  1992年   10篇
  1991年   7篇
  1990年   9篇
  1989年   5篇
  1988年   4篇
  1987年   4篇
  1986年   8篇
  1985年   3篇
  1984年   5篇
  1983年   3篇
  1982年   1篇
  1981年   2篇
  1980年   1篇
  1977年   1篇
  1976年   1篇
  1974年   2篇
排序方式: 共有3208条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
In the present study, non-premixed combustion and NOx emission of H2, NH3, C3H8, and CH4 fuels have been studied in a combustion test unit under lean mixture conditions (λ = 4) at 8.6 kW thermal capacity. Furthermore, the combustion and NOx emission of the H2, C3H8, and CH4 fuels have been investigated for various NH3 enrichment ratios (5, 10, 20, and 50%) and excess air coefficients (λ = 1.1, 2, 3, and 4) at the same thermal capacity. The obtained results have been compared for each fuel. Numerical simulation results show that H2 emits intense energy through the reaction zone despite the lowest fuel consumption in mass, among others, due to its high calorific value. Therefore, it has a higher flame temperature than others. At the same time, C3H8 has the lowest flame temperature. Besides, NH3 has the shortest flame length among others, while C3H8 has the most extended flame form. The highest level of NOx is released from the NH3 flame in the combustion chamber, while the lowest NOx is released from the CH4. However, the lowest NOx emission at the combustion chamber exit is obtained in NH3 combustion, while the highest NOx emission is obtained with H2 combustion. It results from the shortest flame length of NH3, short residence time, and backward NOx reduction to N2 for NH3. As for H2, high flame temperature and relatively long flame, and high residence time of the products trigger NOx formation and keep the NOx level high. On the other hand, excess air coefficient from 1.1 to 2 increases NOx for H2, CH4, and NH3 due to their large flame diameters, unlike propane. Then, NOx emission levels decrease sharply as the excess air coefficient increases to 4 for each fuel. NH3 fuel also emits minimum NOx in other excess air coefficients at the exit, while H2 emits too much emission. With NH3 enrichment, the NOx emissions of H2, CH4, and C3H8 fuels at the combustion chamber exit decrease gradually almost every excess air coefficient apart from λ = 1.1. As a general conclusion, like renewable fuels, H2 appears to be a source of pollution in terms of NOx emissions in combustion applications. In contrast, NH3 appears to be a relatively modest fuel with a low NOx level. In addition, the high amount of NOx emission released from H2 and other fuels during the combustion can be remarkably reduced by NH3 enrichment with an excess air combustion.  相似文献   
2.
Selenium-modified nucleosides are powerful tools to study the structure and function of nucleic acids and their protein interactions. The widespread application of 2-selenopyrimidine nucleosides is currently limited by low yields in established synthetic routes. Herein, we describe the optimization of the synthesis of 2-Se-uridine and 2-Se-thymidine derivatives by thermostable nucleoside phosphorylases in transglycosylation reactions using natural uridine or thymidine as sugar donors. Reactions were performed at 60 or 80 °C and at pH 9 under hypoxic conditions to improve the solubility and stability of the 2-Se-nucleobases in aqueous media. To optimize the conversion, the reaction equilibria in analytical transglycosylation reactions were studied. The equilibrium constants of phosphorolysis of the 2-Se-pyrimidines were between 5 and 10, and therefore differ by an order of magnitude from the equilibrium constants of any other known case. Hence, the thermodynamic properties of the target nucleosides are inherently unfavorable, and this complicates their synthesis significantly. A tenfold excess of sugar donor was needed to achieve 40−48 % conversion to the target nucleoside. Scale-up of the optimized conditions provided four Se-containing nucleosides in 6–40 % isolated yield, which compares favorably to established chemical routes.  相似文献   
3.
Debittered trub (brewing waste) is an important source of protein source (70.26%). Trub and whey protein were used for 5% protein enrichment of ice cream frozen by liquid nitrogen. Three formulations were elaborated: ice cream standard (ICS), ice cream with whey protein (ICW) and ice cream with trub (ICT). Chemical composition, rheological properties, texture, overrun, melting rate, scanning electron microscopy and a sensorial test were performed. Results showed that ICT presented a higher viscosity, obtained on the upward curve up to 6.76 Pa s−1, consistency index (22.96 (Pa s−1)n), hysteresis area (140.40 mPa s−1) and hardness (31113.33 g) but a lower melting rate (0.38 g min−1), overrun (13.92%) and sensorial acceptability than the other formulations. The addition of trub debittered for protein enrichment improved ice cream properties and demonstrated that it could be used as a food ingredient.  相似文献   
4.
5.
Enriching the micronutrients, selenium (Se) and lithium (Li), in grapes to improve their nutraceutical properties were implemented by foliar application of organic fertiliser rich in Se and Li onto five grape cultivars. The effects of this biofortification on vine vigour, fruit quality, overall micronutrients and phenolic compounds also were investigated. Agronomic biofortification was found greatly increased the Se and Li content in the whole grape by multiple times, meanwhile it did not significantly affect the vine vigour and fruit quality of grapes. However, the biofortification did impact the Ionome (including all the mineral nutrients and trace elements) and phenolic compounds in grapes and this varied among cultivars. This study demonstrated foliar spray of organic Se/Li fertiliser was a very effective strategy to biofortify these micronutrients in grape berries, particularly in the skin, and therefore might be a promising strategy to increase the consumption and awareness of these grapes.  相似文献   
6.
Chiral molecules, especially enantiomers and diastereomers of purity > 99 %, present a significant market share within the chemical, pharmaceutical, and flavor industries. Antisolvent precipitations, both batch and semicontinuous operations to serve the current trends in flow chemistry were demonstrated to be environmentally benign and efficient tools in achieving high optical purities. Although salts are known to be insoluble in supercritical CO2, instabilities of the nascent salts were detected and applied for increasing efficiency. Diastereomeric excess values of the crystalline products exceeded 99 % in maximum of three consecutive steps both by repeated resolution with half molar equivalent of the amine to the acid and by direct recrystallization of the salts.  相似文献   
7.
鄂尔多斯盆地东部榆林-神木地区上古生界发育了断层和3种类型的裂缝.裂缝类型有区域构造缝、水平缝(包括层理缝与缝合线)和成岩缝,其中,区域构造缝主要呈北东向分布,在上古生界各层位均发育,缝合线在山2段中下部和太原组灰岩中都可见到,层理缝仅见于山西组山2段中下部,成岩缝仅见于石千峰组千5段.断层为逆断层,断穿了上古生界下部气藏的区域盖层和烃源岩.裂缝和断层分布对研究区重点勘探层位山2段、盒8段和千5段的天然气富集起到了重要作用:伴生的层理缝和缝合线的分布控制了山2段天然气富集区;区域构造缝的分布促进了盒8段天然气的富集;而千5段天然气的富集则依赖于本区断穿上石盒子组的断层和区域构造缝的分布.图6表2参29  相似文献   
8.
廊固凹陷大兴断层对油气分布的控制研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
廊固凹陷断裂系统复杂,其中大兴断层是中西部的控盆边界断层,它通过对凹陷的构造样式、沉积特征的控制进而影响整个凹陷的油气分布。从区域构造背景和盆地的沉积演化角度,按不同段落断裂展布的方向、产状的陡缓、对沉积的控制作用以及不同层段物质组份的差异,将大兴断层划分为4段:北段、中北段、中南段和南段,各段又可进一步分为上下不同的两段。各段断层的结构、形态、伴生构造、活动时间等都存在较明显差异,通过控制物源而控制沉积相的展布、储层物性和生储盖组合。相应的伴生构造和沉积物发育特征导致构造、构造-岩性组合控制了油气的分布:北段下段、中北段下段近湖一侧是廊固凹陷中西部有利的油气聚集带;中北段上段发育的生物气藏具有一定的勘探前景。  相似文献   
9.
The traditional method used to non-destructively determine the uranium enrichment with an NaI detector is based on the “enrichment meter principle” (Progress report LA-4605-MS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NNM, 1970, p. 19), which involves measuring the intensity of the 186 keV line of 235U by selecting two regions of interest for the peak and the background. This type of method suffers from several limitations, the most limiting of which are the impossibility to make wall thickness correction or to take the inference of foreign radioisotopes into account. The NaIGEM software (A guide for using NaIGEM code, version 1.5 for DOS and Windows, 2001; Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 458 (2001) 196) was developed to overcome these limitations by calculating the 186 keV line intensity with a fitting procedure. The code was tested in different measurement conditions on the wide variety of certified samples, in particular, on reprocessed uranium and on depleted material with thick steel filters interposed between the source and the detector. The results are presented to illustrate the performance and limitations of the tested version (A guide for using NaIGEM code, version 1.5 for DOS and Windows, 2001). The general performance is good except in the case of low-enriched uranium in thick containers.  相似文献   
10.
金的分离富集   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
冯月斌  张锦柱 《黄金》2003,24(7):43-48
综述了金的分离和富集方法,主要包括各种吸附和萃取方法。采用活性炭和泡沫塑料(简称泡塑)吸附分离金是传统的分离富集法,有负载活性炭和有负载泡塑可以提高富集金的能力。近些年,离子交换树脂和离子交换纤维素在分离富集金的应用中,占有相当大的比例。萃取法除了使用传统的MIBK作为萃取剂,又见报道硫醚、亚砜、醇类等作为萃取剂的各种萃取体系。中引用参考献107篇。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号