蚕蛹蛋白纤维染色性能的研究

由粘胶和蚕蛹蛋白混纺而成的蚕蛹蛋白纤维，采用双活性基活性染料染色，对染色工艺条件作了重点试验。结果表明，pH值和温度是最大的影响因素，该纤维适宜低温、pH值近中性条件下上染和碱性条件下固色。     

Micro-computerized tomographic observation of the spinning apparatus in Bombyx mori silkworms

Silkworms and spiders have evolved complex spinning apparatus thought to use highly controlled conditions to optimize protein folding and crystallization to provide a tough fiber. Accordingly, the structure and function of the natural spinning apparatus has been studied with great attention as an interesting piece of biological engineering with potential for mimicry in an industrial process. However it is still not well understood. Here we used Micro-Computerized Tomographic equipment (mCT) to visualize the three-dimensional structure of the spinning apparatus in Bombyx mori silkworms. Multidirectional tomograms obtained by X-ray radioscopy provided valuable information on the detailed arrangement of each muscle of the silk press. It is suggested that the duct in the silk press part plays a part as an extrusion die whose cross-sectional area can be controlled by muscles to optimize applied stresses in the partially gelled silk within its lumen.     

酸、碱溶液对脱脂蚕蛹的解剖结构影响

将脱脂蚕蛹分别置于清水、1%盐酸溶液和1%氢氧化钠溶液中,100℃浸泡处理20 min,采用电子光学显微分析技术观察脱脂蚕蛹的解剖结构。结果表明:①清水浸泡,蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀;②盐酸溶液浸泡,在蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀的同时,有蛋白的部分分解;③氢氧化钠溶液浸泡,蛋白质、甲壳素膨胀,蛋白质溶解,并伴有部分蛋白的分解。碱对蛋白层与甲壳层的层间有劈开作用。碱液能实现蛋白层与甲壳层的剥离。     

Different feeding and gustatory responses to ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone by larvae of the silkworm,Bombyx mori

The feeding and gustatory responses to ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone were investigated in the silkworm,Bombyx mori. 20-Hydroxyecdysone reduced feeding response strongly in fourth- and fifth-instar larvae, whereas ecdysone had no effect on feeding response. 20-Hydroxyecdysone stimulated the R receptor, the receptor to feeding deterrents, to a great degree. By contrast, ecdysone was much less effective for stimulating the R receptor. These results indicate that ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone have different effects on feeding response due to different interactions with mouthpart chemoreceptors.     

Preparation and characterization of PEGDE crosslinked silk fibroin film

To obtain water-insoluble silk fibroin(SF) materials, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether(PEG-DE) was selected as a crosslinking agent to prepare SF films(blends). The reaction conditions were optimized for the crosslinking of the SF molecules. The hot water stability of the blends was measured using BCA protein assay and gravimetric analysis. The molecular conformation and crystalline structure of the blends were analyzed by FTIR and XRD, respectively. When the mass ratio of SF:PEG-DE was 1.0:0.8, the hot water loss rate of the SF blends was minimized. PEG-DE could induce SF molecules to form β-sheets during the gel reaction process, resulting in improved crystallinity and hot water dissolved resistance of the blend films. In order to demonstrate the cytotoxicity of the chemical reagents used to crosslink SF, L929 cells were seeded on the blend film(SF:PEG-DE = 1:1) and cultured for 3 days. Cells of L929 readily adhered and spread in the fusiform on the blend film resulting in high cell viability. The extracted liquid from the SF porous film did not inhibit cell proliferation, as estimated by the MTT assay.     

磷酸化处理对蚕蛹多肽结合钙能力的影响

为探索磷酸化处理对多肽结合钙能力的促进作用,以蚕蛹多肽为研究对象,采用不同种类和添加量的磷酸化试剂对其进行磷酸化改性,再与CaCl2反应制备蚕蛹多肽结合钙复合物,并对样品进行钙和磷含量测定、磷酸化位点检测、红外光谱分析和扫描电镜分析.研究结果表明:Na3 PO4、NaH2 PO4、(NaPO3)63种试剂可与蚕蛹多肽发...     

纳豆菌液态发酵制备蚕蛹肽的工艺优化及其抗炎活性研究

为提高蚕蛹的资源利用率和产品附加值,本研究以蚕蛹蛋白为原料,通过纳豆菌液态发酵制备蚕蛹肽.通过单因素实验和响应面试验确定最佳发酵工艺条件;采用脂多糖诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞建立细胞炎症模型,对最佳发酵工艺参数组合下获得的蚕蛹肽进行体外抗炎活性研究.结果表明:蚕蛹肽的最佳发酵工艺条件为接种量5.0 mL、蚕蛹蛋白添加...     

蚕沙叶绿素铜配合物与DNA的相互作用

文章从蚕沙中提取出叶绿素(CHL),并由此制备得到了蚕沙叶绿素铜配合物(Cu-CHL)。采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验研究了在白炽灯光照下Cu-CHL对pBR 322 DNA的切割能力。实验结果表明铜叶绿素对pBR 322 DNA具有光断裂能力,最佳断裂浓度范围为178.5～357μM。并采用紫外光谱、CD光谱和粘度法探讨了二者的结合模式,结果显示其为外部结合模式,结合常数为2.04×106m-1。     

蚕沙基多孔炭表面氧化改性对农药噻虫嗪吸附及缓控释影响

选用桑蚕废弃物蚕沙为炭源,通过炭化活化的方式获得了一种高比表面的中微双孔道生物炭材料SCSE,并采用不同氧化剂对其表面氧化处理以调控材料孔径和表面积对农药噻虫嗪分子的吸附作用力,以实现SCSE材料对农药噻虫嗪的缓控释,并系统研究了氧化改性后材料的比表面积、孔径和表面基团性质的变化对材料吸附噻虫嗪的热力学和动力学平衡以及噻虫嗪的释放动力学等性能的影响。结果表明：SCSE孔隙结构发达,其BET比表面和孔容分别为1290.95 m²/g和0.690 cm³/g;在室温下,该材料对噻虫嗪分子的吸附容量达到560 mg/g。噻虫嗪在四种SCSE上的释放动力学可分为快速持续释放过程和慢速释放过程两个过程,其中快速持续释放过程的释放动力学常数约是慢速释放过程的29～34倍;其中硝酸改性后的SCSE-HN对噻虫嗪的释放比例最大,释放速度最快。本实验所获得的四种SCSE材料对噻虫嗪的释放均表现出长效释放效力。按照一般农作物的需药量,该吸附剂只要按照0.5 g/（d·m²）的投入量便能很好地对农作物进行长效的虫害防治（>40 d）。